1. CASLIN 2009 – June 8, 2009 Marilyn Billings Scholarly Communication Librarian, UMass Amherst, USA Exploring Ways that IRs Facilitate New Roles and Partnerships for Libraries and the Academy

2. 2 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Outline of Talk  Introduction and Background  Scholarly Communication Crisis  Sabbatical Research 2005 Study Findings Challenges Lessons learned  New Roles and Partnerships  Examples  Concluding Remarks

3. 3 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 University of Massachusetts Amherst  Founded in 1863 as Land Grant University  Flagship of 5 campus UMass System  Students – 20,540; 5,820 graduate students  Faculty – 1,180  Academic environment 87 bachelor’s degree programs 73 master’s degree programs 53 doctoral programs  Research Over $140 million / year

4. 4 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 University Libraries FY ‘08  Over 3.5 million volumes  43,906 journals subscriptions  Almost $16 million in total expenditures Over $6.5 million in materials $7.5 million in staff salaries $1.7 million in operating budget  190 full time librarians, staff and students 56 professional staff

5. 5 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 5 Scholarly Communication Crisis  Traditional modes Journals in the sciences Monographs in the humanities  “Crisis” of 1990s Spiraling publishing costs, especially journals Increasing amount of digital research and scholarship Lack of access Need to collect and preserve this material

6. 6 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 6 CPI up 57% Average serial price up 227% Average book price up 65%

7. 7 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Exploration of New Models  Institutional digital repositories Unified open access to and preservation of the electronic collections of works of members of the institution’s community  Open access journals Journals available at no cost to end user May or not be refereed Typically available in electronic format

8. 8 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Sabbatical Research I wish I had pictures here of all the places I went! BUT Let’s talk about what I found out, shall we

9. 9 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Institutional Repositories – What are they? “a set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members.” -Clifford Lynch, ARL Bimonthly Report 226, Feb. 2003. “digital collections that capture and preserve the intellectual output of university communities” - Ryam Crowe, Case for Institutional Repositories, SPARC, 2002

10. 10 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Benefits of an IR  Common formats  Uniform structures  Searching and linking from other sources  Data accessible, easy to use  Integration with other resources  Easy to develop new tools  Move scholarly communication forward  Enhance professional visibility

11. 11 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Core Features  Content defined by institution  Digital content in a variety of formats  Community focus  Institutional support  Durable, permanent content  Enhanced access and discovery  Faculty researcher pages  Authoring tools  End-user functionality

12. 12 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Core Functionality  Material submission, ingest  Metadata application  Access control  Discovery support  Dissemination of content  Preservation, durability, storage  Batch loading  Indexing based on OAI

13. 13 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Challenges  Getting content into the IR  Developing policies  Funding and business models  Legal issues  Preservation  7 Lessons learned from sabbatical

14. 14 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Possible Content  Research materials Doctoral dissertations, theses, honors projects Working papers, journal articles, raw data files  Teaching materials Learning objects Preprints Audio and video materials E portfolios  Other scholarly work

15. 15 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Policy Development  Services provided  Content acquisition and management  Preservation and access Industry standards and best practices Example: CLOCKSS  Rights management and legal issues Copyright Intellectual property

16. 16 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Funding and Business Models  Wide variety, many informal Special initiative supported by the library Costs absorbed in library operating budget Regular budget line item of institution's library Grant awarded by an external source Special initiative supported by central administration Special initiative supported by institution's archives

17. 17 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Seven Lessons Learned  Communications  Planning  Recruit early adopters  Provide talking points  Staffing considerations  Content submission  Publicity and marketing

18. 18 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 What’s Next? Why Consider This?  Proactive response to scholarly communication and open access issues  Showcase for scholars and institution  Ease of use by faculty and researchers  Long-term preservation, persistent urls  Wide dissemination of intellectual output  More frequent citations

19. 19 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Why Libraries? Why Librarians?  “In general, librarians lead the IR effort in all stages of IR development.” – Soo Young Rieh Library role as steward of scholarship Collection development expertise Liaison role with faculty Center of expertise on metadata Commitment to long-term preservation Complementarity of repository and licensed digital materials

20. 20 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 From Mary Anne Kennan’s article:

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23. 23 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Opportunities  Visibility and citation impact factor  Use, re-use, and re-purposing of scholarly materials, all at no cost to end user  Digitally archive work with permanent url  Wide variety of content and formats

24. 24 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Visibility (Steve Lawrence, 2001)

25. 25 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Citation Impact Factor  Antelman, Kristin. “Do Open-Access Articles Have a Greater Research Impact” http://www.la-press.com/include/Antelman.pdf  Eysenbach, Gunther. “Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles” http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get- document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157&ct=1 http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get- document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157&ct=1  Lawrence, Steve. “Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact”. Nature 411, 521 (31 May 2001)

26. 26 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Exploration of New Models - Revisited  Institutional digital repositories Unified open access to and preservation of the electronic collections of works of members of the institution’s community  Open access journals Journals available at no cost to end user May or not be refereed Typically available in electronic format

27. 27 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Action Steps for Faculty From Create Change website http://createchange.org http://createchange.org 1.Manage copyright / retain author rights 2.Select journals and publishers with open access-friendly policies http://doaj.orghttp://doaj.org 3.Prefer open access grant agencies when seeking funding 4.Self-archive in local IR or subject repository

28. 28 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 1. Manage Copyright  Retain Author Rights http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/ http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/ Reproduction Distribution Public performance Modification of original work  Modify publisher contracts SPARC Authors Addendum http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/addendum.html Creative Commons licenses http://creativecommons.org/licenses/

29. 29 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 2. Publish in Open Access Journals  Determine open access journals in your field http://doaj.org http://doaj.org  Investigate current publisher policies Sherpa / RoMEO website http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php Publisher websites  Faculty roles Author Editor / Editorial board / Peer reviewer

30. 30 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 3. Open Access Funding Agencies  National Science Foundation http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/documents/2000/nsb0010 6/nsb00106.htm  National Institutes of Health http://publicaccess.nih.gov/  Wellcome Trust http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD002766.ht ml http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD002766.ht ml

31. 31 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 4. Self Archive  Institutional Digital Repositories Directory of Open Access Repositories http://opendoar.org http://opendoar.org My example - ScholarWorks @ UMass Amherst http://scholarworks@umass.edu http://scholarworks@umass.edu  Disciplinary Repositories arXiv.org http://arxiv.org/http://arxiv.org/ RePEc http://repec.org/http://repec.org/ Other examples

32. 32 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Our Contributors!  Faculty and researchers  Graduate and Honors students  Archivists and Librarians  University Press  Academic Offices Office of Research Office of Outreach Cooperative Extension

33. 33 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Successful Content Recruitment Strategies  Working one-on-one with early adopters  Word-of-mouth from early adopters to their colleagues  Mandating deposit of dissertations, theses, honors projects  Mandating deposit of research results from internal institutional grants  Working with Partners

34. 34 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Other Library Partners  Special Collections and University Archives http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/  Slide Library supported Art History Department Merged with Library (2005) http://www.library.umass.edu/icl  New Roles  New Services  Trends

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50. 50 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Concluding Remarks David Shulenburger, Closing Keynote, SPARC Digital Repositories Meeting, November 2008. Transcript, available at http://www.arl.org/sparc/ir08 - Value of digital repositories:http://www.arl.org/sparc/ir08  “building interest in the scholarship of a specific faculty member as measured by citations”  “enhance the reputation of the institution with funding agencies”  “enable the institution to fully understand the breadth and depth of the work in which faculty are engaged”  “preserve scholarship that otherwise might be lost”  And more…

51. 51 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Conclusion Why the library in new roles and partnerships? Transition to digital collections Highlighting what is unique, but of value to other scholars and making it accessible Utilize existing skills in organizing, and providing access Enhancing the value of the library by contributing to the mission of the institution Value to institution, and to the wider scholarly community

52. 52 CASLIN 2009 - June 8, 2009 Thank you  Contact information: Marilyn Billings Scholarly Communication Librarian University Libraries University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA mbillings@library.umass.edu