1. I NTERNATIONALISATION OF C OLOMBIAN CONFLICT Why geopolitics and Colombian conflict? The origin of the conflict What’s internationalization? How did it happen? Foreign actors The future

2. W HY GEOPOLITICS ? Before it was a taboo Second World War Cold War Internal conflicts Territorial tensions, political actors, delimitated or non delimitated territories

3. Renaissance of geopolitics Middle east Former Yugoslavia The Soviet Union fall Ethnic conflicts in Africa Latin america? The end of ideologies? The cuban revolution decadence?

4. W HY DOES C OLOMBIAN CONFLICT MATTER ? One of the oldest internal armed conflicts in the world Consequences in the country neighbors One of the less common conflicts in the post Cold War.

5. C OLOMBIAN CONFLICT CAUSES Jorge Eliecer Gaitan murder - 1948 – Popular leader National Front establishment 1957 Marquetalia offensive - 1964 – FARC creation (Colombian Army Revolutionary Forces) Impossibility to reform the political system from below Elitist system excluding political alternatives Impossibility to entail the land reform

6. T HE PEACE PROCESS AND ITS FAILURE Union Patriotica (UP) party foundation Truce between Colombian state and the FARC. Offensive against the FARC Political genocide against the UP?

7. I NTERNATIONALIZATION What’s internationalisation of an internal armed conflict? External actors International law Diplomacy

8. Ernesto Samper administration (1994-1998) – Signature of 1949 Geneve Conventions and the 1997 Second Protocol. – Establishment of an agency of United Nations High Commision for Human Rights. – Agreements with International Red Cross.

9. Andrés Pastrana administration (1998-2002) Plan Colombia (United States) Peace talkings with the support of International Community Delimitarisation zone in the south

10. F OREIGN ACTORS United Nations United Nations High Commision for Human Rights General Secretary Unites States President US Congress Think tanks

11. Ecuador Political and territorial tensions Cuba Alternative for peace dialogue Venezuela Bolivarian revolution

12. T HE FUTURE An internationalized conflict that becomes international? Which borders for the Colombian conflict? Evolution in the relationship between internal and external geopolitics field