1. Pancreatic cancer

2. Pancreatic cancer refers to a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas
Pancreatic cancer refers to a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas. The most common type of pancreatic cancer, accounting for 95% of these tumors is adenocarcinoma, which arises within the exocrine component of the pancreas. A minority arises from the islet cells and is classified as a neuroendocrine tumor.
資料來源： (維基百科)

3. The symptoms that lead to diagnosis depend on the location, the size, and the tissue type of the tumor. They may include abdominal pain and jaundice (if the tumor compresses the bile duct).
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death across the globe.
資料來源： (維基百科)

4. Signs and symptoms

5. Common symptoms include:
Pain in the upper abdomen that typically radiates to the back
Loss of appetite and/or nausea and vomiting
Significant weight loss
Painless jaundice
Trousseau sign, in which blood clots form spontaneously in the portal blood vessels, the deep veins of the extremities, or the superficial veins anywhere on the body.
Diabetes mellitus, or elevated blood sugar levels
資料來源： (維基百科)

6. Clinical depression has been reported in association with pancreatic cancer, sometimes presenting before the cancer is diagnosed. However, the mechanism for this association is not known.
Symptoms of pancreatic cancer metastasis. Typically, pancreatic cancer first metastasizes to regional lymph nodes, and later to the liver and, less commonly, to the lungs; it occasionally metastasizes to bone or brain.
資料來源： (維基百科)

7. Risk factors

8. Risk factors for pancreatic cancer may include:
Family history
Age
Smoking
Diets low in vegetables and fruits
Diets high in red meat
Diets high in sugar-sweetened drinks (soft drinks)
Obesity
資料來源： (維基百科)

9. Diabetes mellitus is both risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
Helicobacter pylori infection
Gingivitis or periodontal disease
資料來源： (維基百科)

10. Alcohol

11. It is controversial whether alcohol consumption is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Overall, the association is consistently weak and the majority of studies have found no association Although drinking alcohol excessively is a major cause of chronic pancreatitis, which in turn predisposes to pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis associated with alcohol consumption is less frequently a precursor for pancreatic cancer than other types of chronic pancreatitis.
資料來源： (維基百科)

12. Diagnosis

13. Pain is present in 80% to 85% of patients with locally advanced or advanced metastatic disease. The pain is usually felt in the upper abdomen as a dull ache that radiates straight through to the back.
Courvoisier sign defines the presence of jaundice and a painlessly distended gallbladder as strongly indicative of pancreatic cancer, and may be used to distinguish pancreatic cancer from gallstones. Tiredness, irritability and difficulty eating because of pain also exist.
資料來源： (維基百科)

14. Pathology

15. Exocrine pancreas cancers Pancreatic cystic neoplasms
The definitive diagnosis is made by an endoscopic needle biopsy or surgical excision of the radiologically suspicious tissue. Endoscopic ultrasound is often used to visually guide the needle biopsy procedure.
Exocrine pancreas cancers
Pancreatic cystic neoplasms
Endocrine pancreatic cancers
資料來源： (維基百科)

16. Prevention

17. The ACS recommends keeping a healthy weight, and increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while decreasing red meat intake, although there is no consistent evidence this will prevent or reduce pancreatic cancer specifically.
Screening：
People who may have a high risk of
pancreatic cancer due to a family
history can be followed .
資料來源： (維基百科)

18. Treatment

19. Exocrine pancreas cancer：
Surgery：
Treatment of pancreatic cancer depends
on the stage of the cancer .
Chemotherapy：
In patients not suitable for resection with
curative intent, palliative chemotherapy
may be used to improve quality of life and
gain a modest survival benefit.
資料來源： (維基百科)

20. Endocrine pancreatic tumors：
The majority of these tumors are histologically benign. Treatment of pancreatic endocrine tumors, including the less common malignant tumors, may include:
Watchful waiting
Surgery
Hormone therapy
Radiation therapy
Radiolabeled hormone
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, hepatic artery embolization
Chemotherapy
資料來源： (維基百科)

21. Prognosis

22. For local disease, the 5-year survival is approximately 20%.
For all stages combined, the 1-year relative survival rate is 25%, and the 5-year survival is estimated as less than 5% to 6%.
For local disease, the 5-year survival is approximately 20%.
For locally advanced and for metastatic disease, which collectively represent over 80%. to 85-90%of individuals, the median survival is about 10 and 6 months, respectively. Without active treatment, metastatic pancreatic cancer has a median survival of 3–5 months; complete remission is rare.
資料來源： (維基百科)