1. Amy Alter Erika Pike Lake Shore High School

2. Background Information Elodea densa –Water plant Carassius auratus –Common goldfish

3. Background Information Nitrogen cycle Fish Waste NO 2 Nitrite NO 3 Nitrate Plant Fertilizer Nitrate Buildup NO 3 Ammonia Plant Waste

4. Problem Statement How does the presence of a goldfish (Carassius auratus) affect the percent of chloroplasts in Elodea densa?

5. Hypothesis If a goldfish (Carassius auratus) is placed with Elodea (Elodea densa), then the elodea will have more chloroplasts than elodea grown without a goldfish

6. Materials 60 Goldfish 84 Regular-Quart Mason Jars 150 Pieces of Elodea densa Centrifuge 0.5M Sucrose Solution Metric Balance Mortar Pestle Cheese Cloth Glass Funnel Centrifuge Tubes Sharp Sand 25mL-Graduated Cylinder 10mL-Graduated Cylinder

7. Goldfish

8. Materials 60 Goldfish 60 Regular-Quart Mason Jars 150 Pieces of Elodea densa Centrifuge 0.5M Sucrose Solution Metric Balance Mortar Pestle

9. Mortar and Pestle

10. Cheese Cloth

11. Glass Funnel

12. Materials 60 Goldfish 60 Regular-Quart Mason Jars 150 Pieces of Elodea densa Centrifuge 0.5M Sucrose Solution Metric Balance Mortar Pestle Cheese Cloth Glass Funnel Centrifuge Tubes Sharp Sand 25mL-Graduated Cylinder 10mL-Graduated Cylinder

14. Procedure Jar Preparation 1.Label 30 jars with “Control” and the jar number, 30 jars with “Experimental” and the jar number, and 24 jars with “Experimental extra” and the jar number 2.Dechlorinate tap water following the directions on the bottle of Insto-Chlor and add 1 quart (800mL) of water to each jar. 3.Mass out approximately 4.0g of Elodea and place in all jars 4.Mass out the goldfish, place goldfish weighing between 1.0 and 2.0 grams in all 30 of the experimental jar and all 24 of the experimental extra jars 5.Place all 60 jars near a light source, such as under a light or near a window.

15. Procedure 1.Place centrifuge tubes, graduated cylinders, and sucrose solution in an ice bath to keep them cold 2.Mass the test tube to be used in the trial 3.Grind plant into a paste

16. Procedure 4.Slowly add sucrose solution

17. Procedure 5.Filter the pulp into centrifuge tube

18. Procedure 6.Place the centrifuge tube in the centrifuge 7.Spin for five minutes 8.Decant the top 5mL 9.Spin for fifteen minutes 10.Pour off any remaining liquid

19. Procedure 11.Mass the test tube with the chloroplast pellet 12.Subtract the mass of the test tube from the mass of the test tube with the pellet to find out the weight of the chloroplast pellet

20. Data and Observations Day 7: all Experimental and Control jars moved After day 11, when fish died the jar was removed and replaced by an experimental extra jar All fish were fed approximately every other day

21. Data and Observations Plants in experimental jars were greener and crisper than those in the control jars –The pulp was also greener that the pulp of the control jars

22. Data Analysis and Interpretation

23. t=((mean 1 )(mean 2 ))/√(((SD 1 ) 2 /N 1 )((SD 2 ) 2 /N 2 )) Our Formula –t=((6.07)(4.97))/√(((4.31) 2 /30)((1.68) 2 /30)) null hypothesis (H 0 ) –µ 1 = µ 2 Alternative hypothesis (H a ) –µ 1 < µ 2

24. Error Lack of time –Bacteria did not build up to complete the nitrogen cycle Ammonia build-up Insufficient light Centrifuge speed Fish are not predictable Feeder goldfish

25. Conclusion How does the presence of a goldfish (Carassius auratus) affect the percent of chloroplasts in Elodea densa? If a goldfish (Carassius auratus) is placed with Elodea (Elodea densa), then the elodea will have more chloroplasts than elodea grown without a goldfish

26. Real Life Applications Low-maintenance planted aquariums Nitrogen Cycle Fertilizers Goldfish’s ability to survive in small environments

27. Further Experimentation Different fish with the same set-up –Betta splenden Larger containers Filtration on containers Different comparisons –Fertilizers –Fish

28. Acknowledgements Ms. DeMaria Mrs. Moore Ms. Pike Cynthia Anthony Mr. and Mrs. Schroeder Mr. Supal Mr. Estapa

29. Picture Acknowledgements http://www.dewinters.nl/english/fishes/Betta%20splendens. htm http://www.goldfishutopia.net/gallery/kablah/ http://www.petsmart.com/global/product_detail.jsp?PRODU CT%3C%3Eprd_id=845524441776829&FOLDER%3C%3 Efolder_id=2534374302030112&ASSORTMENT%3C%3E ast_id=2534374302023693&bmUID=1104255833546 http://www.hoftiezer.net/personal/aquaria/images/2003042 8_front_04_small.jpg http://www.bigalsonline.com/catalog/product.xml?product_i d=28603&category_id=3349&pcid1= http://www.hebs.scot.nhs.uk/library/img/chiMaA01.jpg