1. Wade/Tavris, (c) 2006, Prentice Hall The Genetics of Similarity Evolution –A change in gene frequencies within a population over many generations; –A mechanism by which genetically influenced characteristics of a population may change. –Changes may occur due to mutations or errors occurring during copying of original DNA sequence. –Changes may occur due to natural selection.

2. Wade/Tavris, (c) 2006, Prentice Hall Innate Human Characteristics Infant reflexes Interest in novelty Desire to explore and manipulate objects Impulse to play and fool around Basic cognitive skills

3. Wade/Tavris, (c) 2006, Prentice Hall Innate Capacity for Language Language too complex to be learned bit by bit (Chomsky, 1957, 1980). Sentences have surface and deep structures. –Surface structure the way a sentence is spoken –Deep structure how a sentence is to be understood To transform surface sentence structures into deep ones, children must apply rules of grammar (syntax).

4. Wade/Tavris, (c) 2006, Prentice Hall Surface and Deep Structures

5. Wade/Tavris, (c) 2006, Prentice Hall Evidence Supporting the LAD Children: –in different cultures go through similar stages of linguistic development. –combine words in ways adults never would. –learn to speak or sign correctly although adults do not correct syntax. –not exposed to adult language may invent a language of their own Infants as young as 7 months can derive simple linguistic rules from a string of sounds.

6. Wade/Tavris, (c) 2006, Prentice Hall Evolution and Sexual Strategies Due to different kinds of survival and mating problems, the sexes have evolved differently in the areas of aggressiveness, physical dominance, and sexual strategies. –Males compete with other males for access to females, and try to inseminate as many females as possible. –Females conceive and carry only a limited number of pregnancies so they choose fewer more dominant males with good resources and high status.

7. Wade/Tavris, (c) 2006, Prentice Hall Males Want sex more often. Are fickle and promiscuous. Drawn to sexual novelty and even rape Are undiscriminating in partner choice. Concerned with competition and dominance. Females Want sex less often. Are devoted and faithful. Drawn to stability and security. Are cautious and choosy in partners. Less concerned with competition and dominance. Differences in Sexual Strategies

8. Wade/Tavris, (c) 2006, Prentice Hall Our Human Diversity: The Case of Intelligence. Genes and individual differences. –Intelligence Quotient (IQ) measure of intelligences originally computed by dividing a person’s mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying result by 100. now derived from norms provided for standard intelligence tests. –The kind of intelligence that produces high IQ scores is highly heritable..50 for children and adolescents.60 -.80 for adults.

9. Wade/Tavris, (c) 2006, Prentice Hall Twins and Intelligence Intelligence scores of identical twins are always more highly correlated than those of fraternal twins.