1. Cholera in Developing Countries HLT 555 (Environmental Health) Grand Canyon University Khadija Bah 06/10/15

2. CHOLERACHOLERA  Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholera, it is a life threatening intestinal disease that poses severe health threats in the mostly underprivileged regions of developing countries.  Aquatic sources such as estuaries, dirty water, and people are major reservoirs of vibrio cholera.

3. TRANSMISSION OF CHOLERA  Transmission of cholera is by eating or drinking food or water that has been polluted by human waste.  Bathing and doing other household chores e.g. washing utensils in contaminated water such as surface water or shallow wells.

4. SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS  Profuse diarrhea ( frequent passing of watery stools)  Vomiting  Leg cramps

5. TreatmentTreatment  Profuse diarrhea can cause dehydration, shock and even death.  Replace fluids immediately with Oral Dehydration Solution(ORS) or intravenous fluids.  Vaccine is also available

6. PreventionPrevention  Always drink only clean and safe water, if unsure boil the water.  Do not defecate in streams and rivers or near wells that provide water for people to drink or to bathe.  Always keep clean water covered and use a clean cup to take water from the bowl or bucket.  Wash your hands properly after using the toilet and before touching any food.  Always cover your food to keep away flies and other pests. Flies can transfer the germs that cause cholera from faeces to your food.  Practice good personal hygiene and good sanitation at homes and in the environment.

7. Preparing Oral Dehydration Solution (ORS) To prepare ORS, you need the following things:  Sugar, Salt, clean water, a clean bowl and teaspoons or tablespoons.  Pour 3 soft drink bottles of clean water into the bowl.  Add 10 level teaspoons of sugar or 5 cubes of sugar  Add 1 level teaspoon of table salt.  Mix the water and cover the bowl.

8. REFERENCESREFERENCES  MSF (2014). http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/our-work/medical- issues/cholera?utm_source=google&utm_medium=ppc&utm_campaign=cholerahttp://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/our-work/medical- issues/cholera?utm_source=google&utm_medium=ppc&utm_campaign=cholera  WHO, (2015). Prevention and control of cholera outbreaks: WHO policy and recommendations http://www.who.int/cholera/technical/prevention/control/en/ http://www.who.int/cholera/technical/prevention/control/en/