1. Contributions of the Roman Empire Preview: Make a list that identifies any architectural wonders in your community, state and country.

2. Government Importance of written laws. Equal treatment for all citizens. Rights and duties of citizens. Roman government influenced the United States constitution.

3. Augustus Rome’s first emperor. Set the following powers: - declare war - raise taxes - punish lawbreakers - nominate public officials.

4. Roles of Citizens Only citizens could vote or hold public office. Rome gave citizenship to conquered groups to keep them loyal and happy. Duties: - pay taxes - serve in the army

5. Engineering Excellent, durable roads. Strong bridges. Aqueducts to move water. Building designs that inspired later societies.

6. Architecture Large and strong buildings. Columns and open spaces.

7. Art Realistic statues. Lifelike portraits.

8. Philosophy Focused on improving people’s lives. Stoic philosophy emphasizing people’s civic duty.