1. Ecosystem Services Management on Satoyama for Sustainable Society
Masataka Watanabe
Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University
Institute of Advanced Studies,
United Nations University

2. Fuels materials, Timber
What is Satoyama
Food, medicinal plants
Fuels materials, Timber
Seed bed materials
Manure
Livestock
Seed bed
Ash
fodder
Woodland
Cropland
Houses
(Modified after Inui, 1996)
５００m ０ N
-Mosaic pattern of woodlands, grasslands, crop lands, paddy fields, settlements, irrigated ponds, etc.
-Nature maintained by human activities such as periodically tree cutting in coppice woodland and agricultural activities.
-Relationships exist between each of the different types of land use, such as the plowing of fallen leaves gathered from a woodland back into the soil as fertilizer, or the use of firewood as fuel in homes.

3. Irrigation / drainage system Dry field Bamboo
Secondary
Forest
Paddy field
Irrigation / drainage system
Dry field
Bamboo
Pond
Dairy farming
Terraced paddy field
Production of
organic
fertilizer and charcoal
Burnt
field
Landscape of SATOYAMA
House
Okuyama
Cited from Ministry of Environment, Japan

4. Definition of Satoyama and Satoumi
Satoyama and Satoumi can be defined as a dynamic area (zone) that inter-relates people and nature and that is created and maintained through various direct and indirect uses, such as in agriculture, forestry, fishery, tradition, culture, livelihood and environmental conservations.
They constitute an ecosystem mosaic consisting of rural communities and their surrounding various ecosystems ,
which provide diverse ecosystem services and contribute to the creation of vision towards their conservation, rehabilitation and creation.
Their spatial patterns vary with local natural environments, human values, and social and economical conditions. 4

5. Rainfall CO2 village SATOUMI SATOYAMA Fishing village CITY Water
Food
production
Marine products
Wood
Water
Purification
Recharge
water
Supply
(Food, Wood)
Soil
Management
SATOYAMA
(Food)
SATOUMI
OKUYAMA
CO2
Organic
fertilizer
village
Fishing village

6. Secondary Forest :21% of total land
Quercus crispula [Mizunara]
Betula platyphylla var. japonica
[Shirakanba]
Quercus serrata [Konara]
Quercus serrata [Konara]
Major components of Satoyama
-Secondary Forest
-Planted Forest
-Agricultural Land
-Secondary Grassland
Area of Satoyama : 43 % of total land (estimated by MOE, Japan, 2002)
Coppice Forest  of Castanopsis and Oak [Shii and Kashi]
Japanese Red Pine [Aakamatsu]

7. Ecosystem services provided by Satoyama and Satoumi
Provisioning service
1) Fuel supply
2) Fertilizer supply
3) Timber and non-timber products
4) Fishery products
5) Food and feeding stuff
Regulating service
1) Climate and water resources/water quality regulation in Satoyama
2) CO2 sequestration
3) Natural disaster regulation
4) Water quality regulation in Satoumi
Cultural service
Multifunctional and high diversity
of ecosystem services

8. Long-term trend for firewood / charcoal production, and shiitake mushroom production in Japan
Fuel and fertilizer revolution
in the 1960s

9. Trend of arable land in Japan （Ministry of Agri. Fishery, Japan，2009）
Total abandoned arable land in 2005 : 386 (1,000ha)

10. Trend of fishery production, trade, consumption and self-sufficient ratio（Ministry of Agri. Fishery, Japan，2008）

11. CITY Fuel and fertilizer revolution in the 1960s Rainfall CO2
Marine products
Water
Purification
Recharge
water
Supply
Soil
SATOUMI
Eutrophication
Urbanization
Depopulation
Industrial
product
Food
Woods
CO2
Chemical
fertilizer
Globalization
SATOYAMA
OKUYAMA
CITY
ImportExport
　Economic development and urbanization

12. Satoyama: Solution for Climate Change Mitigation/Adaptation
Scenario for Low Carbon Society
Climate Change
Globalization
Urbanization
BAU SD TD DE
Economic Model
Land Use
Population
Industry
Policy and Technological Options
Agri./Land Use
Biodiversity
Energy
Recycle
Sustainable resource management
Material recycle
Nutrient recycle
Sustainable national land use policy
Agriculture and Forest policy
Food security policy
Natural environmental conservation policy
Biodiversity conservation policy
Biomass utilization policy
Development of renewable energy
●将来シナリオを定性的な記述によって対極的に描き出し、それを「人口」「産業出荷額」「土地利用」の三つの定量的な数値を持って表現された将来像を与える。その状況下で政策シミュレーションを行い、社会の変動に対して頑強性の高い政策立案をおこなうことを狙っている。
●政策領域としては水・物質及び物質の流れを操作をおこなう「有機循環」「水質・水量改善」の二つのドメインと土地利用の操作をおこなう「土地利用政策」「生態系保全政策」の二つのドメインの計四つをとりあげている。
●自然共生を「自然側の共生の度合い」と「人間側の共生の度合い」の二つの領域に設定し、各領域で最終的なアウトカムとなる指標のレベルを設定しその実現に向けた政策介入をおこなっていくアプローチをとる。「バックキャスティングアプローチ」
Solution for Climate Change Adaptation?
Quality-of-life
ECO-SYSTEM SERVICE
●Economical benefit
●Security
●Amenity
●Health
Human-well being
●Provisioning services
●Regulating services
●Supporting services
●Cultural services
Socio-Economic System
Natural System