1. Origins of Buddhism Chapter 5.2

2. Life of Buddha Siddhārtha Gautama: Siddhārtha Gautama: Born in northern India Born in northern India led a princely life led a princely life as a young man discovered suffering and death as a young man discovered suffering and death renounced his comfortable lifestyle to seek the true meaning of life. renounced his comfortable lifestyle to seek the true meaning of life. Enlightenment: Enlightenment: through meditation through meditation spent the rest of his life teaching his findings spent the rest of his life teaching his findings Perhaps intending to reform rather than supplant Hinduism Perhaps intending to reform rather than supplant Hinduism attracted many devoted followers attracted many devoted followers

3. Noble Truths The wisdom of the Buddha is based on four truths The wisdom of the Buddha is based on four truths that life is full of suffering that life is full of suffering suffering is caused by selfish desires suffering is caused by selfish desires suffering can be ended by eliminating these desires suffering can be ended by eliminating these desires desires can be ended by following the Middle, or Eightfold, Path. desires can be ended by following the Middle, or Eightfold, Path.

6. Eight Fold Path The eight steps of the Middle Path The eight steps of the Middle Path right view right view right intention right intention right speech right speech right action right action right livelihood right livelihood right effort right effort right mindfulness right mindfulness right concentration right concentration What similarities do you see between Buddhist teachings and the teachings of other religions? What similarities do you see between Buddhist teachings and the teachings of other religions?

7. Comparing Hinduism and Buddhism Reincarnation and castes: Reincarnation and castes: Siddhārtha accepted the Hindu idea of reincarnation but rejected the division of people into castes Siddhārtha accepted the Hindu idea of reincarnation but rejected the division of people into castes holding that all people were able to attain nirvana holding that all people were able to attain nirvana Gods and worship: Gods and worship: Hindus worship many deities as manifestations of the supreme reality, Hindus worship many deities as manifestations of the supreme reality, Buddhism has no gods. Buddhism has no gods. Siddhārtha also forbade worship of himself or his image. Siddhārtha also forbade worship of himself or his image.

8. Comparing Hinduism and Buddhism Position of women: Position of women: In line with the social views of his time In line with the social views of his time Siddhārtha considered women inferior to men Siddhārtha considered women inferior to men position in Buddhist societies was generally better than elsewhere in India position in Buddhist societies was generally better than elsewhere in India Rivalry of religious believers: Rivalry of religious believers: After death of the Buddha, followers spread his message throughout India and, eventually, elsewhere After death of the Buddha, followers spread his message throughout India and, eventually, elsewhere Buddhist and Hindu religious leaders began to compete for followers Buddhist and Hindu religious leaders began to compete for followers

10. Growth of Buddhism in India Beginning of 20 th century, few Buddhists left in India. Beginning of 20 th century, few Buddhists left in India. changed dramatically in 1956, hundreds of thousands of former Hindus adopted Buddhism. changed dramatically in 1956, hundreds of thousands of former Hindus adopted Buddhism. had been part of the "scheduled classes," formerly known as Untouchables. had been part of the "scheduled classes," formerly known as Untouchables. followed the example of B. R. Ambedkar, a member of a scheduled class who had helped to write the constitution of India. followed the example of B. R. Ambedkar, a member of a scheduled class who had helped to write the constitution of India. Since then, Buddhist community in India has grown to more than 3 million. Since then, Buddhist community in India has grown to more than 3 million.