1. Global Warming Impacts on Wildlife and Society Produced by and for the Outreach Lecture Series of the Environmental Science Institute. We request that the use of any of these materials include an acknowledgement of Dr. Camille Parmesan and the Outreach Lecture Series of the Environmental Science Institute of the University of Texas at Austin. We hope you find these materials educational and enjoyable. by Dr. Camille Parmesan Outreach Lecture Series Volume 14

2. Global Warming: Impacts on Wildlife and Society by Dr. Camille Parmesan The presentation contained herein was made by Camille Parmesan and is intended for educational purposes only. Any use of this work, partial or complete, must cite Camille Parmesan and this Outreach Lecture Series Volume 14. No portion of this product may be reproduced or distributed in any form. 09/2001

3. Human activities are changing the weather

4. Global warming

5. Some of the heat given off by the earth is trapped in the atmosphere by gases such as water and CO 2 Some of the heat given off by the earth escapes into space. How greenhouse gases keep the earth warm.

6. Animation of the Greenhouse Effect Movie for PC: Double click here Movie for Mac: click once with cursor on image A warning may come Up about viruses. Just click OK.

7. Increased CO2 causes the atmosphere to retain more heat by catching more heat given off by the earth.

8. Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations Are Increasing as a Result of of Human Emissions

9. Increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations began with the industrial revolution.

10. Deforestation also increases atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Source: OSTP Deforestation in Brazil19781988

11. Global average temperatures are increasing with increases in CO 2. Global Average Temperature

12. 1998 was the warmest year on record since 1910.

13. Global temperature over the past 1000 years. The past 140 years

14. Global temperature over the past 65 million years. PRESENT 18,000 years 230,000 years 1 Million years 3.5 Million years 10 million years 6 5 million years 10,000 years 1,000 years 55 million years 1,000 ya 13 mya 65 mya

15. The relationship between temperature and carbon dioxide over the past 160,000 years. Clear correlation between atmospheric CO 2 and temperature over last 160,000 years Current level of CO 2 is outside bounds of natural variability Rate of change of CO 2 is also unprecedented Source: OSTP

16. In the age of dinosaurs atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperatures were much higher than today. 100,000 years 18,000 years 230,000 years 1 Million years 3.5 Million years 10 million years 6 5 million years 10,000 years 1,000 years 55 million years

17. The only mammals living at this time were small rodents.

18. Sea levels were much higher than today, and Texas was mostly under water

19. Climate change was one important reason that the dinosaurs disappeared.

20. All animals and plants are adapted to the local climate

21. Even humans have evolved to match the climate in which they live.

22. Climate change has already affected many animals such as this butterfly, the Edith’s Checkerspot.

23. Edith’s Checkerspot butterfly lives in a wide range of habitats from coastal meadows …

24. … to the highest peaks of the Sierra Nevada Mountains

25. Movie of a butterfly looking for food in a dried field. The movie shown here in the lecture is not available for public distribution.

26. From 1860 to 1996. Each colored area represents multiple populations. Shades of red represent the proportion of populations extinct in a given area during the period 1992-1996 that were previously recorded as present during the period 1860-1983. Many extinctions ~75% Few extinctions ~20% Some extinctions ~40% Patterns of population extinctions of Edith’s Checkerspot Butterfly

27. More populations of Edith’s Checkerspot butterfly have gone extinct at low elevations than at high elevations. Few extinctions (~15%) Many extinctions (~40%)

28. Other insects, such as this mosquito, will have range changes that will effect you more directly.

29. Long-term responses to climate change have been found all over the world. Observed Changes in Physical and Ecological Systems Hydrology and glaciers Sea-Ice Animals Plants Studies covering large areas Studies using remote sensing Source: IPCC TAR 2001

30. Hydrology and glaciers Sea-Ice Animals Plants Studies covering large areas Studies using remote sensing The red fox has shifted its range north, threatening the artic fox.

31. The toucan and other lowland tropical birds have moved uphill, threatening high elevation birds. Hydrology and glaciers Sea-Ice Animals Plants Studies covering large areas Studies using remote sensing

32. Snow cover and ice extent have decreased all around the world. Hydrology and glaciers Sea-Ice Animals Plants Studies covering large areas Studies using remote sensing

33. Some insects are being affected by climate change because the plants they feed on are flowering or leafing out earlier than they emerge.

34. Prairies may decline in a high CO 2 environment

35. Temperature Change Year Projected temperature increases for the USA over the next century. Today

36. Galveston hurricane Movie for PC: Double click here Movie for Mac: click once with cursor on image A warning may come Up about viruses. Just click OK.

37. Sea Level Rise in the Next 100 Years Galveston South Padre Island Many important places on the Texas Coast will disappear Whooping Crane breeding habitat

38. Where in the United States will it get the hottest? Much Hotter A Little Hotter Change in the July Heat Index over the next 100 years (Hadley Model, VEMAP).

39. The Hill Country will still be the best place to live in Texas.

40. Acknowledgements 38 Acknowledgements: Material and Images: Union of Concerned Scientists United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Global Change Research Program Environmental Sciences Institute, University of Texas Centers for Disease Control Production: Nelson Guda Kristina Schlegel Overall Support: Jay Banner, Department of Geological Sciences, UT Texas Memorial Museum

41. Dr. Camille Parmesan Assistant Professor, Section of Integrative Biology, the University of Texas at Austin Dr. Camille Parmesan's early research focused on multiple aspects of population biology, including the ecology, evolution and behaviors of insect/plant interactions. For the past several years, the focus of her work has been on current impacts of climate change in the 20th century on wildlife. Her work on butterfly range shifts has been highlighted in many scientific and popular press reports, such as in Science, Science News, New York Times, London Times, National Public Radio, and the recent BBC film series "State of the Planet" with David Attenborough. The intensification of global warming as an international issue led her into the interface of policy and science. Parmesan has given seminars in DC for the White House, government agencies, and NGOs (e.g., IUCN and WWF). As a lead author, she was involved in multiple aspects of the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC.