1. Cells and Cellular Transport Ch 7 Part 1

2. Characteristics of Life
All Living things, known as organisms, share the following characteristics:
1. Cells
2. Response to Stimuli
3. Growth
4. Homeostasis
5. Reproduction
6. Metabolism
7. Adaptation.

3. Characteristics of Life cont.
Living things also carry out life processes which non-living things cannot carry out.
1. Nutrition
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Transport
5. Biosynthesis
6. Secretion
7. Respiration
8. Excretion
9. Response
10. Reproduction
11. Photosynthesis

4. Life is Cellular
One of the first people to use a microscope to study nature was Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
English physicist Robert Hooke is credited with the name “cells”
Scientist Schleiden and Schwann are credited with the early parts of the Cell Theory

5. The Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells

6. Cell Organization Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
There are 2 basic types of cells:
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells:
NO TRUE NUCLEUS
No membrane bound organelles
Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells:
Has a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane
Plant and Animal Cells

7. Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

8. Cell Organization: Plants vs. Animals
Plant Cells
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Contain larger vacuoles
Animal Cells
centrioles

9. The Cell Membrane
The main purpose of the cell membrane is to regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell.
Semi-permeable: meaning that only certain substances can go through

10. The Cell Membrane cont.
The cell membrane is composed of a phospho-lipid bilayer = 2 layers of lipids
Each layer consist of:
Phosphate group attached to 2 fatty acid tails
Phosphate heads make up the outside while the fatty acid tails are composed toward the inside
Proteins are embedded within the bilayer to help transport substances into and out of the cell.

11. Cellular Transport Passive Transport: does NOT require energy
Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
1. Diffusion: substances move directly through the cell membrane (particles such as oxygen)
2. Facilitated Diffusion: uses channel proteins to move a substance through the cell membrane
3. Osmosis: The movement of WATER from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration
Can occur in either direction

12. Cellular Transport Osmosis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MWl3DCa2uM
Solution Concentrations: (Look at concentration of solute outside the cell)
Hypotonic: solution has lower concentration of solute---higher concentration of water
Cell Swells
Hypertonic: solution has a higher concentration of dissolved solute---lower concentration of water
Cell Shrinks
Isotonic: net concentration of dissolved solutes are the same inside and outside of the cell.
Cell remains the same

14. Cell Transport Active Transport: Requires energy
Movement of substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
Occurs against the concentration gradient
1. Exocytosis: removes materials from the cell
2. Endocytosis: Brings materials into the cell
Phagocytosis-cellular “eating”
Pinocytosis-cellular “drinking”