1. DNA to Protein The processes of DNA transcription and translation

2. DNA is made up of: – sugar phosphate backbone – nitrogenous base How do base pairs match up? A –T T –A C –G G –C DNA review

3. DNA to protein DNA contains genes that code for the production of thousands of different proteins Getting from DNA sequences (TAGGACTATA) to proteins (chains of amino acids!) takes 2 steps: 1. TRANSCRIPTON DNA  RNA 2. TRANSLATION RNA  protein

4. Transcription: DNA to RNA Watch the following animation and write down key words or events. Can you summarize the process? Note: transcription takes place in nucleus transcription video

5. Transcription: key terms mRNA Enzyme (Helicase) uracil (U) A copy of a portion of DNA unzips the DNA U pairs with A instead of T in RNA

6. Transcription summary: Transcription begins when an enzyme unzips the DNA and creates a space for complimentary RNA nucleotides to line up. RNA nucleotides match up to the DNA template to form a single strand of mRNA. mRNA leaves the nucleus for translation.

7. Translation: RNA to protein Watch the following animation and write down key words or events. Can you summarize the process? Note: translation takes place in cytoplasm of the cell, not nucleus. Translation video

8. Translation: key terms mRNA rRNA tRNA Codon protein Brings the copy of the DNA to cytoplasm makes up part of the ribosome where translation occurs “reads” mRNA code & brings correct amino acids group of 3 nucleotides that code for 1 specific amino acid Final product

9. Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) takes a message from DNA in nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins make up ribosomes where proteins are synthesized. Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers a particular amino acid to a ribosome

10. Translation summary Translation begins when a ribosome and tRNA attaches to a mRNA strand in the cytoplasm. The ribosome moves along the mRNA strand, reading codons. Complimentary tRNAs arrive bringing amino acids coded for by the mRNA template. Amino acids are strung together into proteins.

11. Translation summary

12. Review Transcription occurs in… Translation occurs in… 3 differences between DNA and RNA NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM (RIBOSOME) 1.RNA is single stranded 2.ribose sugar in RNA 3.has U bases instead of T, A=U in RNA.