1. Project #5: Simulation of Fluid Flow in the Screen-Bounded Channel in a Fiber Separator Lana Sneath and Sandra Hernandez 3 rd year - Biomedical Engineering Faculty Mentor: Dr. Urmila Ghia School of Dynamic Systems 1

2. Outline Motivation Introduction to Bauer McNett Classifier (separator) Problem Description Goals & Objectives Methodology Boundary Conditions Results –Solid Wall –Porous Wall Conclusion Future Work 2

3. Problem Background Toxicity of asbestos exposure varies with length of asbestos fibers inhaled Further study of this effect requires large batches of fibers classified by length The Bauer McNett Classifier (BMC) provides a technology to length-separate fibers in large batches 3 Bauer McNett Classifier (BMC)Schematic of BMC

4. Background – Bauer McNett Classifier (BMC) Fiber separation occurs in the deep narrow channel with a wire screen on one side wall Fibers align with local shear stress vectors [1] For successful length-based separation, the fibers must be parallel to the screen 4 Open to atmosphere = deep open channel Top View of One BMC Tank A B C ALAL 1. Civelekogle-Scholey, G., Wayne Orr, A., Novak, I., Meister, J.-J., Schwartz, M. A., Mogilner, A. (2005), “Model of coupled transient changes of Rac, Rho, adhesions and stress fibers alignment in endothelial cells responding to shear stress”, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol 232, p569-585

5. Background – Bauer McNett Classifier (BMC) 5 Fibers length smaller than mesh opening Fibers length larger than mesh opening Fibers parallel to side walls Fibers perpendicular to side walls Off-plane angle 90° Off-plane angle 0°

6. Deep Open Channel Dimensions Length (x) = 0.217 m Height (y) = 0.2 m Width (z) = 0.02 m Aspect ratio = 10; Deep open channel Screen dimensions: Length (x) = 0.1662 m Height (y) = 0.1746 m Thickness (z) = 0.0009144 m 6 screen

7. Goals and Objectives Goal: Numerically study the fluid flow in a deep open channel Objectives : a) Learn the fundamentals of fluid dynamics. b) Learn the fundamentals of solving fluid dynamic problems numerically. c) Simulate and study the flow in the open channel of the BMC apparatus, modeling the screen as a solid wall boundary d) Model the screen as a porous boundary e) Determine the orientation of shear stress vector on screen boundary for both the solid wall boundary and porous boundary 7

8. Methodology Computational Grid Define channel geometry Understand differential equations governing fluid flow Set up channel geometry in CFD software Generate grid of discrete points Enter boundary conditions –Solid Wall –Porous Boundary Obtain flow solutions Compute shear stress on flow solutions 8 Figure 3: Channel Geometry in Gambit Table 1: Distribution of grid points and smallest spacing near boundaries

9. Boundary Conditions 9 u, v, w are the x, y, and z components of velocity, respectively Average Inlet Velocity= 0.25m/s Turbulent Flow (Reynolds Number >5000) Reynolds Stress Model Turbulence parameters: Solid Wall Intensity = 5% Viscosity ratio = 10 Porous Boundary Intensity = 0.5% Viscosity ratio = 1 Characterized by permeability K and pressure-jump coefficient C 2

10. Solid Wall Model Results: X-Velocity and Vorticity Contours 10 Figure 5: x-velocity contours in top half of channel; plane at x= 0.2 m Velocity contours bulge towards corners Symmetric across the center of the channel Highest velocity is in the center of the channel Figure 6: x-vorticity contours in top half of; plane at x= 0.2m Top corners are non-symmetrical about the angle bisector High vorticity at the free surface High vorticity is attributed to the free surface being modeled as a free-slip wall

11. Shear Stress on Side Wall Magnitude and Off-Plane Angle 11 Figure 7: Shear Stress (primary y-axis) and off plane angle (secondary y- axis) on z-wall; line at y= 0.1 m (mid-plane), z= 0.02 m 8∘8∘

12. Modeling the Porous Boundary 16 Mesh with a 50% porosity (open area/ total area) Determine the two unknown coefficients for FLUENT –Permeability (K) –Pressure-Jump Coefficient (C 2 ) 12

13. Porous Boundary Model Results: X-Velocity and Vorticity Contours 13 X-velocity contours in top half of channel; plane at x= 0.2 m Velocity contours bulge towards corners Not-symmetric across the center of the channel Highest velocity is in the center of the channel X-vorticity contours in top half of channel; plane at x= 0.2 m High vorticity at the free surface and near porous boundary As previous case, vorticity is low at right side wall Top corners are much more non-symmetrical about the angle bisector Porous Wall Solid Wall

14. Conclusion Shear stress angle is greatest at the inlet, and quickly drops down as x-position increases. In the solid-wall model, the highest out-plane angle where the screen lies in the actual BMC channel is 8 degrees, which is primarily tangential to the wall. The shear stress off plane angle in the porous boundary model is expected to be slightly greater. Flow through the screen is expected to be small, therefore the contribution of the porous boundary to the off-plane shear stress angle is expected to be small 14

15. Future Work Analyze shear stress distribution along the screen in the porous boundary model Determine off plane angle Further understand the behavior of fluid flow in the porous boundary model 15

16. Acknowledgements Dr. Ghia for being an excellent faculty mentor and taking the time to make sure we fully understood the concepts behind our research. Graduate Students Chandrima, Deepak, and Santosh for taking time out of their schedule to teach us the software and help us with any problems we encountered. Funding for this research was provided by the NSF CEAS AY REU Program, Part of NSF Type 1 STEP Grant, Grant ID No.: DUE-0756921 16

17. Modeling Porous Boundary Equations 17 2. Tamayol, A., Wong, K. W., Bahrami, M. (2012), “Effects of microstructure on flow properties of fibrous porous media at moderate Reynolds number”, American Physical Society, vol. 85.