1. LOANWORDS OF ITALIAN MUSIC History of the English Language Wendy Chuang Jessica Tsao

2. A cappella  Etymology: (Italian) a cappella  Meaning: 1. without instrumental accompaniment (originally applied to choral music) 2. (chiefly U.S.) regarded as a genre of popular music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgCplSn UcdY&feature=related

3. Opera  Etymology: (Italian) opera  Meaning: a dramatic musical work in which singing forms an essential part, chiefly consisting of recitatives, arias, and choruses, with orchestral accompaniment

4. Piano  Etymology: French origin; Italian “ pianoforte ” or “ forte- piano ”  Meaning: 1. a kind of musical instrument 2. U.S. slang (African-American usage) - spare ribs (white rib- bones suggest piano keys)

5. Tuba  Etymology: (Latin and Italian) tuba  Meaning: 1. the largest and lowest-pitched brass instrument 2. (Malay) poison that is made out of root 3. (Arabic) a mythical tree growing in the Muslim paradise

6. Soprano  Etymology: (Italian) from sopra, meaning above  Meaning: 1. the highest singing voice in women and boys https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J- GPxk8n0aE 2. The Sopranos(1999-2007): Italian-American, Mafia

7. Tempo  Etymology: (Italian) tempo  Meaning: 1. time (literal translation) the speed of a piece of music (definition) 2. rate of activity; pace (non-musical senses)

8. Bravo  Etymology: (Italian) bravo  Meaning: 1. a cry of approval as from an audience at the end of great performance 2. desperado, assassin, hired killer

9. Bravo  bravo ---> male, singular  brava ---> female, singular  bravi ---> male, plural  brave ---> female, plural.

10. Da Capo (D.C.)  Etymology: (Italian) da capo  Meaning: 1. from the head (literal translation) 2. the performer to go back to the beginning (capo) (definition)

11. Da Capo (D.C.)  Da Capo al Fine (D.C. al Fine): repeat from beginning to the end   Da Capo al Coda (D.C. al Coda): repeat from beginning to an indicated place and then play the tail part (the coda).

12. Andante  Etymology: (Italian) andare (to go)  Meaning: 1. walking (literal translation) 2. informs Moderately slow, flowing along (definition)  http://www.oreshko.co.uk/carulliAndante.htm http://www.oreshko.co.uk/carulliAndante.htm

13. Andante  ABBA : Andante, Andante http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=1zwbAR Wt8is http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=1zwbAR Wt8is  Super Junior – Andante http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=iGt- Kpi5oCA http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=iGt- Kpi5oCA

14. Forte  Etymology: (Italian) forte  Meaning: 1. strong (literal translation) 2. loud (definition)  Mistaking with French forte (both are from Latin fortis)

15. Reference  http://www.oed.com http://www.oed.com  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_cappella http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_cappella  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sopranos http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sopranos  http://www.memidex.com/bona-fide http://www.memidex.com/bona-fide  http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=temp o http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=temp o  http://www.yourdictionary.com/ http://www.yourdictionary.com/