1. October 2, 2014

3.  Nerve cells  Conduct impulses that carry signals  Types  Sensory ▪ Respond to incoming stimuli ▪ Transmit information from senses to brain  Motor ▪ Relay information from the brain to rest of the body  Interneurons ▪ Process information between sensory and motor

5.  Cell Body  Life support center  Dendrites  Receive messages from other cells (INPUT)  Axons  Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons (OUTPUT)  Myelin Sheath  covers the axons and helps speed neural impulses  Terminal Branches  Ends of axons; contain neurotransmitters  Synaptic Gap  Space between terminal branches and dendrites

9. 1. Depolarization  Semipermeable cell membrane lets positively charged ions in. 2. Action Potential  If excitatory signals minus inhibitory signals exceed threshold  “all-or-none” response: neurons either fire or don’t 3. Release of Neurotransmitter  Cross synaptic gap and bind to receptors on receiving neuron 4. Refractory Period  Positively charged ions are pumped back outside; then neuron can fire again.

10.  Particular neurotransmitters have particular effects on behavior and emotions  Particular brain pathways use particular neurotransmitters  Examples:  Acetylcholine and memory  Dopamine and mobility  Serotonin and depression

11.  Block reuptake  … of neurotransmitter at presynaptic neuron  overabundance 0f neurotransmitter  Examples: Prozac, cocaine  Mimic neurotransmitters  Called agonists  Examples: nicotine, THC (in marijuana)  Block receptor site  Prevent neurotransmitter message from being relayed  Example: curare posion