1. Forces of Change By: Peyton Rollins and Emily Weed

2. Volcanoes An opening, or rupture, in a planet’s surface or crust, which allows hot magma, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface. By: Peyton Rollins

3. Lo Ihi, Hawaii Environmental changes: Volcano erupts, lava flows, then hardens and becomes rock. By: Peyton Rollins

4. Kilauea, Hawaii Environmental changes: Lava flows into the ocean and harden into molten rock. By: Peyton Rollins

5. Earthquakes An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves. By: Emily Weed

6. Kobe, Japan Environmental changes: the earthquake destroyed major roads and bridges which made transportation difficult. By: Emily Weed

7. Sichuan, China Environmental changes: A lot of the buildings were demolished which left debris all over the place. By: Emily Weed

8. Water erosion Erosion is the removal of solids (sediment, soil, and other particles) in the natural environment. It usually occurs due to transport by wind, water, or ice; by down- slope creep of soil and other material under the force of gravity.

9. Grand Canyon, Wyoming Environmental change: Wind, water and ice form canyons. By: Peyton Rollins

10. Bryce Canyon, Utah Environmental change: Due to wind, water and ice erosion. These canyons were formed. By: Peyton Rollins

11. Wind Erosion The erosion, transportation, and deposition of topsoil by the wind

12. North Central Iowa Environmental Changes: The wind picks up the topsoil off the ground and blows it away which decreases the crop’s nutrients. This causes many crops to die. By: Emily Weed

13. Northern Germany Environmental changes: The crops have lost their nutrients because the wind blew away their topsoil. By: Emily Weed

14. Physical weathering Involves the breakdown of rocks and soil through direct contact with atmospheric conditions, such as heat, water, ice, and pressure By: Peyton Rollins

15. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania Environmental change: This boulder went through physical weathering as the growing tree roots enlarged the fracture. By: Peyton Rollins

16. Chemical Weathering The weathering of a rock surface through chemical processes such as oxidation, solution, and hydrolysis. By: Emily Weed

17. Alabama Hills,CA Environmental Changes: The rock has changed different colors due to chemical weatherings. By: Emily Weed

18. Glacier Erosion The movement of soil or rock from one point to another by the action of the moving ice of a glacier.

19. Alaska Environmental Changes: It causes the land to change shape.

20. Switzerland Environmental Changes: It makes the land become more flat and smooth.