1. UNIT 8 Five Traits of the Educated Man

2. Proverbs on Education  The foundation of every state is the education of its youth.  We receive three educations, one from our parents, one from our schoolmasters, and one from the world.

3.  Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.  Genius without education is like silver in the mine.  Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-control.

4. Vocabulary

5. trait  [C] a particular characteristic, quality, or tendency that sb. or sth. has: ee.g. an inherited trait mmarked Japanese traits 日本人的显著特征 nnational traits 民族性 AArrogance is a very unattractive personality/character trait. TTwo traits in the American character are generosity and energy. 美国人性格中的两大特点是豪爽大方和精力充沛。

6. 10 traits to lose friends and lovers

7. capacity  noun. 1 [C,U] the largest amount or number that a container, building, etc can hold 容量, 容积 : e.g. The theater has a seating capacity of 800. 这个剧场可容纳八百名观众。  2 [U] the amount that a factory or machine can produce 能量, 生产力 : e.g. The auto plant now has an annual capacity of 12,000 cars. 这家汽车厂现在每年能生产一万二千辆汽车 。  3 [C] the ability to do, experience, or understand something 能力, 才能, 接受能力, 理解力 [(+for)]: e.g. He has a great capacity for learning languages. 他学语言的能力很强 。

8. endeavor  Verb: to attempt (fulfillment of a responsibility or an obligation, for example) by employment or expenditure of effort: e.g. endeavored to improve the quality of life in the inner city. 努力改善城市内的生活品质 We always endeavor to give our customers excellent service.  Noun: a conscientious or concerted effort toward an end; an earnest attempt 努力, 尝试 : e.g. The expedition was an outstanding example of human endeavor. Despite our best endeavors, we couldn’t get the machine started.

9. vulgar  adj.: rude and likely to upset or anger people, especially by referring to sex and the body in an unpleasant way : e.g. vulgar jokes/language  Vulgarity noun.

10. refined  adj. 1 A refined substance has been made more pure by removing other substances from it. e.g. refined sugar  2. very polite and showing knowledge of social rules 优美的, 文雅的, 有教养的 e.g. She has a refined way of speaking. 她谈吐优雅。 Her tastes are very refined. 她的品位十分高雅． Delia is so terribly refined － I really can’t imagine her using fowl language. Delia 非常有教养－真没有想到她会说脏话． refinement n. e.g. She’s the personification of culture and refinement (=politeness and delicacy). 她是文化和教养的化身．

11. cultivated  adj. A cultivated person has had a good education and knows a lot about art, books, music, etc. 培养成的 ; 有教养的 ; 文雅的 e.g. a cultivated audience 趣味高雅的听众 cultivated land 耕地 cultivated silk 桑 [ 家 ] 蚕丝 cultivated taste 雅兴 a cultivated person 有教养的人

12. instinctive  adj. behaving or reacting naturally and without thinking e.g. Her instinctive response was to fight back.  instinctively adv. e.g. Kate knew instinctively that something was wrong.  Instinct n.

13. reflection  On reflection (= after thinking again), I think I was wrong.  After a minute's reflection, he answered. 他沉思片刻后才回答。  Her achievements are a reflection of her courage. 她的成就是她勇气的显示  a reflection on sb./sth.: something that makes people have a particular opinion about someone or something, especially a bad opinion reflections on the current situation 对当前形势的看法  He is simply a reflection of his father. 他极象他的父亲。

14. induce  v. [T] 1 FORMAL to persuade someone do something 引诱 ; 劝 : e.g. [+ to do sth] Nothing would induce me to marry that man! Nothing in the world would induce me to do that. 什么也不能引诱我做那种事。  2 CAUSE FORMAL to cause a particular condition 引起 ; 导致 e.g. High doses of the drug may induce depression. Her illness was induced by overwork. 她的病是由工作过度引起的。

15. multiply  v. 1 [I,T] to increase by a large number, or to cause something to increase by a large number e.g. As we climbed up the mountain, the dangers and difficulties multiplied. 我们越向山顶攀爬, 危险和困难越是倍增。 In warm weather, germs multiply rapidly.  2 [T] to add one number to itself a particular number of times 乘, 使相乘 [(+by/together)] e.g. Four multiplied by five is twenty. 五乘四得二十。

16. visionary  adj. able to make plans for the future that are imaginative and wise 想像中的 ; 不切实际 的 a visionary scheme 不切实际的计划 a visionary invention 富于想像力的发明 a visionary leader

17. zeal  noun [U] extreme enthusiasm 热心 ; 热诚 [U] [(+for)]  e.g. His boss highly appreciates his zeal for his work. 他的上司十分欣赏他的工作热情。 He shows great zeal （ =desire) for knowledge. 他表现 出极大的求知欲。 religious zeal  Zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse. 无知的狂热犹如脱缰的野马。  Zeal without prudence is frenzy. [ 谚 ] 只有热情不谨慎, 就象得了狂热症。

18. competent  adj. able to do something well e.g. a competent swimmer/teacher competence noun [U] the ability to do something well 能力, 胜任, 称职 [U] e.g. The young surgeon showed exceptional competence. 这位年轻的医生表现了非凡的 能力。

19. Text Study

20. What are the marks of an educated man?  1. correctness and precision in the use of mother tongue  2. refined and gentle manners  3. the power and habit of reflection  4. the power of growth  5. possession of efficiency

21. 11. educated: Someone who is educated has or shows a high standard of learning 有教养的 IIn this country the old are well cared and the young well educated.  在 在这个国家里，老人得到很好的照顾，青年人受 到很好的教育。 HHe is tall, good-looking, fine -boned, educated. 他他高高个儿，身材匀称，长得很漂亮，文质彬彬。 YYou can see in him the marks of an educated man.  从 从他身上身你可以看到受过教育的人的特点。

22. 22.Mark : (1) symbol, sign TThey removed their hats as a mark of respect. AA mark of friendship ((2) a characteristic feature that enables you to recognize something GGray hair is a mark of age. 灰白头发是老 年人的特征。

23. Gain v. : get, acquire, achieve, benefit  gain experience  gain [gather] momentum  gain further time  get [gain, obtain] a footing in society  gain [obtain] access... access  gain weight  gain success  gain one’s ends   增加劲头, 得势 增加  争取时间  在社会上立足  得以接近 [ 进入, 会见 ]接近 进入 会见  达到目的

24. ppersonal gain or loss 个个人得失 PPrivate gain 个个人利益 DDon‘t lust for fame and gain. 别别贪图名利。 AA fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.  吃 吃一堑，长一智

25. 33. It is plain that one may gain no inconsiderable body of learning in some special field of knowledge: Obviously, one can acquire/get fairly large amount of knowledge in some special field. NNo/not inconsiderable: large and well worth having: $$10,000 for new and young author is not inconsiderable, is it? TThe country’s not inconsiderable army was mobilized.

26. 44.a reasonable amount of learning: a fair/moderate amount of learning 一一定的学识 AAmount : 前面的常见形容词 large same great huge considerable vast fixed enormous equal full

27. 55. accompany: coexist with, occur with SSevere allergic react s may accompany administration of the drug. 严严重的过敏反应可伴随给药而来。 EEarthquakes commonly accompany volcanic activity on movement of magma deep in the earth. 地地震通常都伴随着火山活动或地球地深处 的岩浆运动。 BBig words seldom accompany great deed. 雷雷声大，雨点小。

28. 66. An education will make its mark and find its evidence in …and capacities… EEvidence (u): facts, objects, signs, or indication 一一种教育定会留下痕迹，显示出一定 的特征、特点和能力 ……

29. 77. acquire: a skill or habit, you learn it or develop it (with effort) ~~ a college education 接受高等教育 ~~ a habit 养成习惯 ~~ knowledge through experience 从从经验中学到知识 88. patient endeavor: persistent and continuous hard work/effort/attempt

30. 99. sound: (1). well-judged (sensible and likely to produce the right results SSound advice /judgement /reasons 好好建议、正确的判断、充足的理由 AA sound investment 明智的投资 ((2). complete and thorough: AA sound knowledge of the European market 对对欧洲市场了解全面透彻 ssound thinking 慎重考虑

31. ((3). in good condition TThe bodywork is sound but the engine needs replacing. ((4). physically or mentally healthy:  A A sound mind is inseparable from a sound body. 健健全的精神是与健康的身体不可分割的。 SSound as a bell (=in perfect health) ((5) sound sleep (deep and peaceful) SSound sleeper

32. What are the marks of an educated man? 11. correctness and precision in the use of mother tongue 22. refined and gentle manners 33. the power and habit of reflection 44. the power of growth 55. possession of efficiency

33. 99….but among them are five that should always stand out…: … but out of all the traits or characteristics of an educated man should possess, five should easily be identified. sstand out: (1) sth. can be seen very clearly because of it color, size, or shape. ee.g.: The name on the van stood out clearly.

34. ((2) sth, is much better or more important than other things of the same kind. ee.g.: They were all pretty, but she stood out among them. TThis is one of the things that stand out in my memory.

35. precision:preciseness; exactness SScientific instruments have to be made with great ~.  a ~ tool ~~ bombing ~~ in calculation (( 精准） 精精密仪器 精精确的轰炸 计计算的精确度

36. 110. The quire shocking slovenliness and vulgarity…have produced no impression: The imprecision and rudeness in most of one’s spoken English, as well as …, proves undoubtedly that years of…that are thought to be socially acceptable( 体 面的） have been ineffective (useless). 人们在英语口语中听到大量的随意和粗俗 的表达，这种情况在书面语中也屡见不 鲜 …… 毫无疑问，本以为多年的中小学以 及高等教育能够使人体面起来，结果并未 见成效。

37. bbeyond peradventure: undoubtedly SShanghai is becoming an international metropolis beyond ~.  r respectable: showing standards of behavior, appearance,etc. that are socially acceptable 正派的；雅观的；体面 的 HHow could you expect me, a respectable married woman to do such a thing! IIt is not ~ to get drunk in the street. II must go and put on a clean shirt and make myself look respectable.

38. 111. Attendance: the act or fact of attending, esp. regularly; the number of people present. AAttendance at school is demanded by law. HHe has a poor attendance record. WWe had an attendance of over 5000 spectators at the open-air concert.

39. 112. with pure diction: in a way that words are pronounced perfectly well, not mixed with any impure or non- standard sound. 113. How much easier he finds it to imitate English of the other sort!: It’s not hard to mimic/copy the pure English

40. fforced: unnatural; produced unwillingly and/or with difficulty  I I thought their laughter was rather forced. ( 强颜欢笑） II am fed up with his forced manners. （不自然的）

41. rreveal: show sth. previously hidden to be seen; make known sth. previously secret or unknown  T The curtains opened, revealing a darkened stage. TThe investigation has ~ed some serious faults in the system.

42. ppersist : continue in a course of action or way of behaving, firmly and perhaps unreasonably in spite of opposition or warning  I If you persist in causing trouble, the company may be forced to dismiss you. MMust you persist in misunderstanding me!

43. CContented: satisfied MMy father was the most contented man I ever met. TThey smoked a while, contented and at rest. HHe puffed contentedly on his cigar.

44. Contented. Cool panda 1st Most contented Cat

45. eefficiency: the power to work well, very quickly and without waste; the power to do well SShe is well known for her possession of high efficiency. WWe must achieve efficiency in our study.

46. lletters: literature in general TThey are students of art and letters. JJohn was a man of letters with no interest in current affairs SShe was one of the foremost figures in English letters at the turn of the century.

47. 词汇辨异

48. ACQUIREGET Acquire and get can be very close in meaning and sometimes are interchangeable. Acquire points to a piecemeal process of possession that is continuous and often slow, very often suggesting an effort or exposure required to gain less tangible things, as in the learning process. Get means ”obtain '', which is certainly more formal.

49. TRAIT &CHARACTERISTIC Characteristic may imply neutral description in referring to any aspect of something' without evaluating its relative importance to the whole. It often suggests an aspect of the whole that is regarded as typical. Trait is often used to describe long-lasting behaviour patterns, rather than single actions.

50. PERSISTINSIST Persist indicates the continuation of doing something, even though it is difficult or other people are against it. In the structure ， ”something persists,'' the word refers to the lingering on of something beyond the point where one would expect it to terminate. Insist is usually used with "people," who stick to an idea/ideas firmly and refuse to give in about it.