1. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account How are the nitrogen standards reduced? Ruth Grant National Environmental Reseach Institute Aarhus University

2. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Content 1.Principles for N standard reduction 2.Basis for calculation 3.The annual calculation 4.Conclusion

3. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account 1. Principles for N standard reduction

4. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Background (Action Plan III, 2005) ›Decision taking place from 2005/06 ›The economic optimum for nitrogen standards shall be set at a the crop yield, which would have been optained without restrictions in N use ›The nitrogen standards used by the farmers shall be reduced by minimim 10% relative to the economic optimum ›The nitrogen quota at the national level must not exceed the quota in 2003/04 (next slide)

5. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account National nitrogen quota The nitrogen quota at the national level = national nitrogen bag ›must not exceed the quota in 2003/04, adjusted for the crop rotation

6. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Implications Nitrogen bagN standard reduction % Crop rotationLarger area with high N demanding crops HeavierNo change Lager area with low N demanding crops LighterNo change Agric. AreaDecreasesNo changeLower IncreasesNo changeHigher

7. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Problems to be addressed 1.In 2005 the EU subsidy payment changed to the single payment – increase in registered agricultural area (no change in actual area): adjustment needed 2.Action Plan III from 2005 had several area assignments – actual decrease in agricultural area: no effect on N bag and no effect of measures 3.In 2008 no longer set-aside obligations - actual increase in agricultural area: no effect on N bag

8. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Overall principle ›N bag adjusted each year based on ›Crop rotation (step 1) ›New area assigned for roads, buildings etc. (step 2) ›N standard reduction % calculated according to adjusted N bag (step 3) Two years of timelag relative to actual agricutural area 2010/2011: 385 000 tons N ›N rate per ha: economic optimum for each crop reduced by N standard reduction % (step 4)

9. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account 2. Basis for calculation

10. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Basis - calculation of N bag for 2003/04 Area 2004 1000 ha Area 2004 % Nitrogen standard 2004 Kg N/ha N quota 1000 tons Winter wheat 600.124.3165107.0 Spring barley 574.723.312118.2 Winter rape 120.54.915616.8 Maize 129,35.215720.2 Grass, permanent 183.47.48916.4 …… ….. Total 2468.9362.9

11. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Basis - calculation of N bag for 2003/04 - adjusted for extra registered area in 2005 Area 2004 1000 ha Area 2004 % Nitrogen standard 2004 Kg N/ha N quota 1000 tons Winter wheat 600.124.3165107.0 Spring barley 574.723.312118.2 Winter rape 120.54.915616.8 Maize 129,35.215720.2 Grass, permanent 183.47.48916.4 Extra grass, perm. 68.3523,6 …… ….. Total 2567.9369.4

12. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account 3. The annual calculation

13. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Calculation of N bag for 2010/11 (step 1): - based on N rates in 2004 and crop rotaion in 2009, adjusted to the area in 2004 Area 2009 1000 ha Area 2009 % Adjusted to 2004 area 1000 ha Nitrogen standard 2004 Kg N/ha N quota 1000 tons Winter wheat 679.225.4652.8165115.8 Spring barley 449.216.8431,812152.1 Winter rape 162.36.1156.015621.8 Maize 171.86.4165,115725.8 Grass, permanent 22.18.3213,58919.0 …… ….. …… Total 2671.72567.9386.9

14. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Calculation of adjusted N bag in 2011 (step 2): - adjusted for area assigned for roads, etc. ›N quota in 2011 (step 1): 386 924 tons N ›Area in 2009:2671 700 ha ›Average N standard:144.8 kg N/ha ›Area assigned for roads etc: 10 000 ha ›Reduction in N quota (step 2): 1 448 tons N ›N bag in 2011:385 476 tons N

15. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Calculation of N standard reduction in 2011 (step 3) Area 2009 1000 ha N rate Econ. Opt.* Kg N/ha N quota Econ. Opt. ** 1000 tons N quota 90 % 1000 tons N quota 84.0 % 1000 tons Winter wheat 679.2180129.0116.1108.4 Spring barley 449.212760.954.851.1 Winter rape 162,321831.428.326.4 Maize 171.818131.128.026.1 Grass, permanent 22.18518.816.915.8 …… ….. Total 2671.7458.5413.1385.5 *) for loamy sand **) adjusted for soil type and residual effect

16. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Calculation of N rate for crops (step 4) N rate Econ. Opt.* Kg N/ha N rate 84.0 % Kg N/ha Winter wheat 180151 Spring barley 127107 Winter rape 218183 Maize 181152 Grass, permanent 8571 …… ….. *) for loamy sand The Plant Directorate publishes an announcement each year with updated N rates for each crop and 5 different soil types

17. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account 4. Conclusions

18. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account N standard reduction obtained › % reduction N bag (1000 tons) ›2005/06 14,3 %362 942 ›2006/07 14,4 %362 942* ›2007/08 15,0 %362 942* ›2008/09 14,5 %368 543 ›2009/10 15,5 %381 655 ›2010/11 16,0 %385 476 * No corrections for larger registered agricultural area

19. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY 7 June 2011 Seminar. Introduction to the Danish fertilizer account Effect of change in agric area › tackled ›VMP III – reduction in agric. area ›Roads, buildings, etc.√ ›Afforestation÷ ›Wetlands, bufferzones÷ ›No Set- aside - increase in agric. area ›81000 ha in 2008 ›+ 35 000 ha in 2009 Increased norm reduction in 2010 and 2011, √ but temporary increase in fertilser use in 2008 and 2009