1. Mendelian Genetics

2. Chromatin in a Normal Cell (one length from each parent)
Allele
A version of a gene
Dominant
Allele that may mask the presence of another
Recessive
Allele that may be masked by another
Heterozygous
The 2 alleles are different
Homozygous
The 2 alleles are identical F
Free f
Attached
Earlobe Gene a
Albino
Melanin Gene a
albino P
Extra
Fingers
Polydactyly Gene ♂ ♀

3. Chromatin in a Normal Cell (one length from each parent)
Genotype
The set of alleles an organism possesses
Phenotype
The genetic outcome resulting from the genotype F
Free f
attached
Earlobe Gene a
albino
Melanin Gene a
albino P
Extra
Fingers
Polydactyly Gene ♂ ♀

4. Inheritance f F f F F f F f

5. Exact copies Pure bred parents PP x pp
What will the F1 offspring look like?
Phenotype = 100% Purple
Genotype = 100% Heterozygous P p
What will the F2 offspring look like?
Phenotype = 75% Purple 25% white
Genotype = 100% Homo. Dominant, 50% Hetero., 25% Homo. Recessive

6. Dihybrid Cross GgYy GY Gy gY gy GY PHENOTYPE G-Y- : 9 G-yy : 3

7. Law of segregation: two alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed Law of Independent assortment: Alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation

8. Codominance Both alleles are detectable in a specimen
Gene: Cattle coat color
Alleles
CR = red
CW = White
Genotypes
CRCR = red coat
CWCW = white coat
CRCW = roan coat

9. Multiple Alleles More than two alleles exist for a gene
Human Blood Type
IA = Type A carbs on RBC surface
IB = Type B carbs on RBC surface
i = Neither type on RBC surface

10. Multiple Alleles Blood Type Genotype Antibodies Universal Acceptor
Universal Donor

11. Linked Genes

12. Human Genetics

13. Dominance
Brown over
Blue over
Green
Polygenic
Chrom.15
Chrom.19

14. Sex linked: traits are tied to X or YXr XR Y XR Y XR XR Xr XR Y XR XR XR XR Xr Y XR Xr Xr XR Xr XR Y

15. Sex linked: traits are tied to X or Y
Color blindness:males
Recessive x linked
Abnormal production of pigment(protein)
Does not absorb red green light Y Xr XR Y XR Y XR XR Xr XR Y XR XR XR XR Xr Y XR Xr Xr XR Xr XR Y

16. Sex influenced Trait not tied to sex chromosome
Autosomal chromosome produces protein which affects the production of other proteins.
Testosterone affects
the production and
location of hair in males.

17. Patterns of Inheritance
Polygenic: Eye color, skin color, height Complex characters: Skin color=sun, Multiple alleles: Blood type Incomplete Dominance: Red x White= Pink X-linked: Color blindness, fruit fly eyes Sex influenced: Male pattern baldness Single alleles: Huntington’s disease,