1. Vestibulocochlear
Organ 前庭蜗器

2. The Vestibulocochlear Organ 前庭蜗器
   Parts:
external ear 外耳
middle ear 中耳
internal ear 内耳：
Conduct the sound wave。
Contains the receptors of auditory and vestibular organs

3. External ear auricle耳廓, external acoustic meatus 外耳道 tympanic membrane
The external ear consists of
auricle耳廓,
external acoustic meatus
外耳道
tympanic membrane
鼓膜.

4. External ear 1. Auricle 耳廓 Helix 耳轮 Antihelix 对耳轮
crura of antihelix 对耳轮脚
triangular fossa 三角窝
Scapha 耳舟
auricular concha 耳甲
externalacoustic pore 外耳门
Tragus 耳屏，
Antitragus 对耳屏
auricular lobule 耳垂

5. External ear 2. external acoustic meatus 外耳道: bony part 骨部：medial 2/3
cartilaginous part 软骨部：lateral 1/3

6. External ear 3. tympanic membrane 鼓膜: Flaccid part 松弛部: upper 1/4
Tense part 紧张部: lower 3/4
Umbo of tympanic membrance
Cone of light 光锥
鼓膜脐

7. Middle ear 中耳 Consists of three parts Tympanic cavity 鼓室
Auditory tube 咽鼓管
Mastoid antrum 乳突窦and mastoid cells 乳突小房

8. Tympanic cavity 鼓室
Position: An irregular air-filled cavity locates within the temporal bone, and lies between the tympanic membrane and the lateral wall of the inner ear 内耳.
It contains the auditory ossicles听小骨, ligaments, muscles, vessels and nerves.

9. Middle ear 中耳 Boundaries: (1) Roof or tegmental wall 鼓室盖:
   (2) inferior wall or jugular wall颈静脉壁: separates the cavity from superior bulb of internal jugular v.
   

10. Tympanic cavity 鼓室 (3) Anterior wall or carotid wall 颈动脉壁 :
Upper opening for tensor tympani m.
lower opening for auditory tube 咽鼓管鼓室口
(4) Posterior wall or mastoid wall 乳突壁:
Aditus of mastoid antrum: 乳突窦的入口；
Pyramidal eminence 锥隆起： 内藏镫骨肌.

11. Middle ear (5) lateral wall or membranous wall 鼓膜壁 :is formed by
tympanic membrane
epitympanic recess 鼓室上隐窝

12. Middle ear (6) Medial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁: promontory 岬
Fenestra vestibuli 前庭窗
Fenestra cochleae 蜗窗: covered by secondary tympanic membrane
第二鼓膜.
Prominence of facial canal
面神经管凸 :

13. Middle ear 2. Auditory tube 咽鼓管: In childhood: shorter, wider and
    
Bony part 骨部: posterolateral 1/3 ,open into the anterior wall of
tympanic cavity
Cartilaginous part 软骨部: anteromedial 2/3, open into the nasopharynx 鼻咽部
In childhood:
shorter, wider and
more horizontal than
in adult

14. Middle ear
3. Mastoid antrum乳突窦 and mastoid cells乳突小房
    
mastoid cells

15. Middle ear 2）content of tympanic cavity (1)auditory ossicles 听小骨：3 块
malleus 锤骨
incus 砧骨
stapes 镫骨
（2）运动听小骨的肌
tensor tympani 鼓膜张肌
stapedius 镫骨肌

16. Internal ear 内耳
Position: lies in the petrous part of the temporal bone, and consists of two parts:
bony labyrinth 骨迷路
membranous labyrinth 膜迷路.

17. Internal ear 内耳 The membranous labyrinth is filled with endolymph 内淋巴,
The bony labyrinth is composed of the compact bone, and the latter, a series of communicating membranous sacs and ducts, is contained within the bone labyrinth.
The membranous labyrinth is filled with endolymph 内淋巴,
The space between the membrnous and bony labyrinth is filled with perilymph 外淋巴.

18. bony labyrinth 骨迷路 Cochlea 耳蜗: Vestibule 前庭:
 Bony semicircular canals 骨半规管       

19. bony labyrinth 骨迷路 (1) Cochlea 耳蜗: Cochlear spiral canal 蜗螺旋管
Modiolus 蜗轴
      Osseous spiral lamina 骨螺旋板
Scala vestibuli 前庭阶
Scala tympani 鼓阶   
Scala vestibuli
Osseous spiral lamina
Modiolus
Scala tympani

20. bony labyrinth 骨迷路 (2) Vestibule前庭:
is the central part of bony labyrinth，and is medial to the tympanic cavity，it has 4 walls
On its lateral wall
fenestra vestibuli 前庭窗
fenestra cochleae. 蜗窗
The medial wall is the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus 内耳道底   

21. bony labyrinth 骨迷路 (2) Vestibule前庭: On the posterior wall
5 opennings of emicircular canals.  
On its anterior wall,
a large opening communicates with the scale vestibuli 前庭阶 of cochlea.     

22. bony labyrinth 骨迷路 (3) Bony semicircular canals骨半规管:
 three in number, the ant., post., and lateral
     
simple bony crus单骨脚
ampullar bony crura 壶腹骨脚
bony ampulla 骨壶腹
common bony crus 总骨脚
Anterior semicircular canal
Posterior semicircular canal
Lateral semicircular canal

23. 2. Membranous labyrinth 膜迷路
(1) Cochlear duct 蜗管: in cochlear spiral canal
   (2) Utricle 椭圆囊 and saccule 球囊 :   in vestibule
   (3) Semicircular ducts 膜半规管:

24. 2. Membranous labyrinth 膜迷路 labyrinth 膜迷路
(1) Cochlear duct 蜗管:
   
superior wall : vestibular wall 前庭壁
inferior wall : tympanic wall or basilar membrane 基底膜
spiral organ 螺旋器（Corti 器）
   lateral wall:
前庭壁
外侧壁
螺旋器 （Corti 器）
鼓壁（基底膜）

25. Membranous labyrinth 膜迷路
   (2) Utricle and saccule 椭圆囊和球囊:  
 Connected to each other by utriclosaccular duct 椭圆球囊管
macular utricli 椭圆囊斑
macular sacculi球囊斑  
receptors of balance, respond to linear acceleration and deceleration 直线加速和减速运动

26. Semicircular ducts
膜半规管 蜗管
Cochlear duct
saccule 球囊
、椭圆囊
Utricle

27. Membranous labyrinth 膜迷路
    
Membranous labyrinth 膜迷路
 (3) Semicircular ducts 膜半规管:
membranous ampullae 膜壶腹
crista ampullaris 壶腹嵴：
receptor of balance, which respond
to rotation of the head

28. The Vestibulocochlear Organ
Internal acoustic meatus 内听道
   structures passing through it
Facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
vessels of labyrinth

29. The position of internal ear内耳
颞骨岩部

30. Conduction of sound 声波的传导途径 2、骨导： 是指声波直接振动颞骨，引起蜗管内淋巴的振动，进而刺
可分为气导和骨导两条途径
1、气导 Air conductive pathway：
the external acoustic meatus
the sound wave
tympanic membrane
chain of auditory ossicles
fenestra vestibuli
perilymph within the scala vestibuli
endolymph within cochlear duct
spiral organ
nerve impulse
vestibulocochlear n.
brain
2、骨导： 是指声波直接振动颞骨，引起蜗管内淋巴的振动，进而刺
激基底膜上的螺旋器，引起听觉。

31. The summary Receptors： crista ampullaris Bony labyrinth:
Bony semicircular
canals
Vestibule
Cochlea
Membranous
Abyrinth ：
Semicircular ducts
Utricle、saccule
Cochlear duct
Receptors：
crista ampullaris
Macular
sacculi
utricli
spiral organ
Receptor of hearing
Receptors of balance

32. Fig.耳

33. Fig.鼓膜

34. Fig.鼓室

35. Fig.迷路

36. Fig.迷路

53. 前庭阶 鼓阶

54. 前庭壁
蜗神经节
蜗神经
外侧壁
螺旋器（Corti器）
鼓壁（基底膜）

55. Cochlear n.
Facial n.
Veastibular n.

56. 1.外侧壁（鼓膜壁）
鼓室上隐窝 鼓膜 光锥

57. Fenestra vestibuli
前庭窗
Prominence of facial canal
Pyramidal eminence
Promontory 岬
Fenestra cochleae蜗窗

58. Conduction of sound 声波的传导
chain of
auditory
ossicles
External
ear
Tympanic
membrane
fenestra
vestibuli
Internal
ear
spiral
organ
cochlear n.