1. International Reference and ILL: a new model for services, collections, and resource sharing. The case of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan Prof. Joe Lenkart International Reference Librarian Manager, Slavic Reference Service University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Email: lenkart@illinois.edulenkart@illinois.edu

2. Crossroads, bridges, intersections “Institutional policies are not clear” “Institutional sharing structures are not clear” “Networks are not working” “Are we helping?” “ILL diminishing”

3. International Lending and Document Delivery: Principles and Guidelines (2001/2009) “Each country should accept responsibility for supplying copies of its own publication to any other country, by loan, photocopy or other appropriate method. This applies certainly to those published from the present date, and as far as possible retrospectively” (IFLA Section of Document Delivery and Interlending. IFLA Core Programme for UAP and Office for International Lending)

4. Structural Issues “Recommendations on developing efficient national lending systems are outside the scope of these guidelines…” (page 130) “Where there is no national centre, responsibility should rest clearly with the national library, a national interlending co-ordinating body, or major lending institutions” (page 130)

5. Report of the Task Force on International Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Practices (In: Research Library Issues, June 2011) “ILL is a research library activity that occurs between two different institutions” “…Berne Convention and other international copyright agreements do not specify any standards for ILL…”(page 3)

6. RUSA STARS International Interlibrary Loan Committee Survey “International ILL faces numerous challenges, and perhaps one of the most difficult is citation verification” (page 58) “… the committee speculates that many lending libraries do not engage in citation verification because, according to the various ILL codes, the onus of verification falls on the borrowing library” (page 58)

7. What does this mean for us? Structural reforms Require mandatory coverage by national libraries, organizations, and relevant academic libraries Revise existing procedures and guidelines International ILL infrastructure is “shaky” – less confident

8. Challenges OCLC WorldCat (well over 2,000,000,000 holding records and counting) -- - Problems and inconsistencies with database maintenance Issues with search interface and routing mechanism (linking records from OCLC to the host library) Multiple transliteration systems --- ISO, DIN, BSI, and ALA For Example: 1.Prakticeskij kurs russkogo jazyka: … ucebn. Posobija dlja studentov pedagog (OCLC Accession Number: 831187190) 2.Prakticheskii kurs russkogo iazyka

9. Opportunities Multiple options for verifying, locating, and retrieving materials (in addition to WorldCat) International ILL infrastructure has dramatically changed *for the most* in the last 20 years

10. Trends in Research Resources Development of subject portals (academic libraries and institutions, governmental and non-governmental organizations) Directories of catalogs and databases developed by national and regional libraries are freely available Current Indexing and abstracting sources provide strong coverage Availability of full-text databases has increased Digitization unbound (local, regional, national, and international) Revamping of retrieval systems (“the good, the bad, and the ugly”) Online journal depositories and journal “homes”

11. Fundamentals Familiar past, present, and future ILL request Citation Journal Monograph Newspaper Continuing Series Indexes and Indexing sources Subject Bibliographies Catalogs Indexes and indexing sources X-Factors

12. International Reference and ILL Training Workshops year-round (one-on-one or group training workshops) First training workshop: Interlending and Document Delivery Online Training Workshop, September 14, 2015 (10:00 am – 12:30 pm)

13. What did we address? Training Structure Indexing Sources Catalogs and Databases Transliteration Systems Toolbox for ILL librarians

14. Citation Verification Strategies: How to find indexing sources for journals Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory (since 1932)

15. ILL Example

16. Open Source Indexing (elibrary.ru)

17. Regional Connection Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Turkey

18. Kazakhstan

19. Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Library Information Consortium

20. Uzbekistan and Tajikistan

21. National Library of Turkey

22. Turkmenistan: unique case

23. ILL Business Model

24. Conclusions ILL and International Reference Structural Reforms for International ILL Strengthen International ILL infrastructure Direct involvement and assistance for national libraries and book chambers