1. The Civil War Chapter 4, Section 2

2. 1861:Lincoln sent non-military supplies to Fort Sumter (SC)
Confederate guns fired on the fort, beginning the Civil War
Lincoln called for volunteers to join the northern army
Slave states in the Union had to choose sides
Questions rose over border states (DE, MD, MO, and KY)

6. P.G.T. Beauregard Confederate leader at Charleston
Robert Anderson Commander of Fort Sumter

8. North South Goals Advantages Goals Advantages Preserve Union
Abolish slavery
Advantages
Larger population
More railroads
More industry
South
Goals
Preserve a way of life
Be left alone
Keep slavery
Advantages
Better military leaders
Cotton exports for foreign aid

9. The War Both sides: West Point-trained officers
Both sides: tactics from Mexican War
Weapons deadlier
Improved rifles
Exploding artillery shells
Observation balloons; camouflage
Communication quicker with telegraph
Railroads moved troops faster
Bull Run (Manassas) 1st major battle; chaos

10. Anaconda Plan

12. War in the West Control of the Mississippi would split the Confederacy
Early 1862: U. S. Grant opened 2 water routes into the South
Grant won a victory at the Battle of Shiloh
The battle dashed hopes that the rebellion would collapse on its own
Admiral David Farragut sailed the U.S. fleet up the Mississippi
Took New Orleans, then other river cities.

15. War in the East
Gen. McClellan delayed his attack on the Confed. capital at Richmond
Confed. Gen. Robert E. Lee lured Union forces to the 2nd Battle of Bull Run & won
Defeat hurt northern morale
Lee invaded Maryland, hoping to force northern surrender
Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest of the war
Considered Union victory since it stopped Lee’s invasion

18. Stereopticon
viewer

24. Slaves provided food for southern army
Thousands escaped to US troops (protection)
Some northerners wanted to punish the South for slavery policies and free the slaves
January 1, 1863: Emancipation Proclamation
Freed slaves in areas that were in southern control
Some northerners opposed proclamation, others thought it should go further
It encouraged freedmen to join Union forces
Almost 180,000 African Americans served in segregated units

27. Robert Gould Shaw and the 54th Massachusetts (National Gallery of Art)
Photo by Jay Middleton

28. Conditions for Soldiers
Most soldiers died from diseases rather than wounds
Poor sanitation and polluted water
Soldiers spent most days in camp, doing drills, writing letters home, or playing games
Conditions were terrible for prisoners of war at overcrowded camps and prisons

33. Home & International Effects
Blockade stopped Southern trade
Blockade-runners got cotton to Caribbean
South suffered property damage, food shortages, inflation
Confed. had 1st US draft
US followed (Enrollment Act) —caused riots
Wealthy could buy substitutes, or commutation
Poor forced to be drafted
Anti-war protesters hurt war effort (called Copperheads) & jailed

36. Gen. Joe Hooker in charge of U.S. armies
3 major battles in 1862 & 1863
Chancellorsville (VA): tried to take Richmond by surprise
Lee marched army west, leaving some behind as a decoy
He ordered surprise attack and won battle
Gettysburg (PA): Lee invaded North
3-day battle; troops held positions for 2 days
15,000 Confed. troops charged the center lines & lost most of their men

39. Vicksburg (MS): Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River
Grant’s army attacked from the land side
He shelled the city for weeks
Tried to starve out defenders
Gunboats fired on city from river
Canon ball still in the wall of a house in Vicksburg, Mississippi
Photo by Jay Middleton

42. Grant and Sherman Spring 1864, Grant’s troops march toward Richmond
Armies of Grant & Lee battled through summer & fall 1864
Union Gen. William T. Sherman’s troops march through the deep South
Total warfare (citizens suffer)
Sherman captured Atlanta, then Savannah
Aim was to destroy Southern morale and will to fight

43. Slaves greeted Sherman’s troops with joy
White Southerners hated Sherman

44. Destruction in Atlanta after Sherman’s march.

45. Railroad destroyed by retreating Southern troops.

46. 1864 Election Abraham Lincoln (Rep) vs George McClellan (Demo)
Lincoln did not expect to win
Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in Sept. boosted Northerner’s spirits
Republican win meant war would continue
Lincoln wins re-election

50. Final Days April 1865, Grant’s troops take Richmond
Lee retreated from Richmond & surrendered
April 9, 1865
Appomattox Court House, Virginia
Other Confederate generals surrendered; by May war was over

55. April 14th 1865, Lincoln murdered
Attending play with wife
Shot by John W. Booth, actor
& Confederate sympathizer