1. Seesaws

2. Question:
You and a child half your height lean out over the edge of a pool at the same angle. If you both let go simultaneously, who will tip over faster and hit the water first?

3. Observations About Seesaws
A balanced seesaw can
remain horizontal
rock back and forth easily
Equal-weight children balance a seesaw
Unequal-weight children don’t balance
But moving the heavy child inward helps

4. Physics Concept Rotational Inertia
A body at rest tends to remain at rest.
A body that’s rotating tends to keep rotating.
Demonstration: Spin a Balanced Object on a Pivot
Demonstration: Orient Balanced Object at Various Angles

5. Physical Quantities Angular Position – an object’s orientation
Angular Velocity – change in angular position with time
Torque – a twist or spin
Demonstration: Show Various Angular Velocities for Balanced Object

6. Newton’s First Law of Rotational Motion
A rigid object that’s not wobbling and that is free of outside torques rotates at a constant angular velocity.

7. Center of Mass Point about which object’s mass balances
A free object rotates about its center of mass while its center of mass follows the path of a falling object
Demonstration: Show Center of Mass of Object
Demonstration: Spin a Basketball on a Table
Demonstration: Spin a Basketball in Flight
Demonstration: Spin a Wobbleball in Flight

8. Physical Quantities Angular Position – an object’s orientation
Angular Velocity – change in angular position with time
Torque – a twist or spin
Angular Acceleration – change in ang. velocity with time
Angular Mass – measure of object’s rotational inertia
Angular Mass is commonly called “Moment of Inertia”
Demonstration: Cause Angular Acceleration of a Balanced Object
Demonstration: Human Animation of Angular Acceleration and Angular Velocity
Demonstration: Moments of Inertia of Baseball and Bowling Ball
Student Demonstration: Moment of Inertia Rods: Same Mass, Different Moments of Inertia

9. Newton’s Second Law of Rotational Motion
The torque exerted on an object is equal to the product of that object’s angular mass times its angular acceleration. The angular acceleration is in the same direction as the torque.
Torque = Moment of Inertia · Angular Acceleration

10. Physics Concept A force can produce a torque
A torque can produce a force
Torque = Lever Arm · Force
(where the lever arm is perpendicular to the force)
Demonstration: Show How/When Force Produces Torque on Balanced Object

11. Physics Concept Net Torque The sum of all torques on an object.
Determines that object’s angular acceleration.
Demonstration: Balance Seesaw with Equal Weights at Equal Distances
Demonstration: Unbalance Seesaw with Unequal Weights at Equal Distances
Demonstration: Balance Seesaw with Unequal Weights at Unequal distances

12. Question:
You and a child half your height lean out over the edge of a pool at the same angle. If you both let go simultaneously, who will tip over faster and hit the water first?
Demonstration: Let 1 m and 2 m Sticks Fall Together
Demonstration: Explode Egg on Seesaw Beam by Striking Beam with Mallet
Demonstration: Launch Golf Ball on Seesaw Beam by Striking Beam with Mallet
Demonstration: Launch Egg on Foam Rubber on Seesaw Beam by Striking Beam with Mallet

13. Summary about Seesaws A balanced seesaw
experiences zero net torque
moves at constant angular velocity
requires all the individual torques to cancel
Force and lever arm contribute to torque
Heavier children produce more torque
Sitting close to the pivot reduces torque