1. Evolution of Digital Media Technologies: Content Industries Kathy E. Gill 4 November 2003

2. Overview Papers Communication Department Poster Session Content : Newspapers Content : Television

3. Papers – Overview Everyone seemed to have trouble with citations – so that’s the focus of this short presentation This is a learning experience! The goal should be to improve on paper two and improve again with paper three

4. Grammar, Spelling, Punctuation Use the tools built-into your word processor! General rule: punctuation is “inside” quotation marks (exception, semi- colon) If you don’t know how to spell-check or grammar-check, please see me after class

5. Colloquial Language Avoid it! Examples: nowadays (colloquial/slang) – use today, now, presently, currently stats (an abbreviation/slang) – use statistics It’s been a long time since … (not concrete) – give dates Not exhaustive list, just common examples

6. Citations (1/2) Why do we include citations in academic papers? (discuss)

7. Citations (2/2) Document sources, for credit (ie, not plagarized) Allow other scholars who follow you to replicate your work Thus, citations must be specific

8. Notes, types 1.Cite authority for statements in the text: facts, opinions or direct quotations 2.Make cross-references 3.Comment on discussion 4.Make acknowledgements

9. Notes, how Numerical order, beginning with 1 Arabic numbers Superscript No embellishments (quotation marks, parens, etc.)

10. Notes, required You may use end notes or footnotes but you must use notes. From the syllabus: “Each of the three papers must be typed and must include endnotes or footnotes as well as a bibliography.” Remember that notes can be content or reference

11. End Notes Follow the text on a separate page (precedes bibliography) Titled Notes Chronological order May be single-spaced

12. Footnotes Must begin on the page where cited, but long notes may be continued May be single-spaced Readers of scholarly works usually prefer footnotes for ease of reference

13. Bibliography Alphabetical list by author (may be organized by type, but this is less common) Includes all references, even those not specifically cited

14. Citations – Format (1/3) Bibliographic form is less specific than notes: author, title, publication data Tannen, Deborah. You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. New York: Morrow, 1990. (Chicago)

15. Citations – Format (2/3) Note form: author, title, publication data, page Deborah Tannen, You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation (New York: Morrow, 1990) 51. (Chicago) Content notes – check grammar, spelling

16. Citations – Format (3/3) Inline form – MLA (APA differs but still has page cite) (Tannen 1990 51) or … as Tannen (1990 51) showed … If you use this form for references, you will still need content notes

17. Papers – Kathy’s soapbox (1/3) Media is a plural noun; medium is singular. Ditto data (datum). It’s not 1990’s or 90’s or 90s … it’s 1990s (see Chicago Manual of Style) Spell out numbers smaller than 10 (newspaper style) or 100 (academic style)

18. Papers – Kathy’s soapbox (2/3) Don’t start sentences with a number; re-write Active tense is preferred over passive Use notes for detail, definitions, explanations Explain why (tie opinions, explanations to theory)

19. Papers – Kathy’s soapbox (3/3) Web sources should be reasonably authoritative (ie, named author or established publisher) Cite should include the date visited Follow standard format for journals, magazine articles and add the URL

20. Secondary Research These papers are primarily examples of secondary research (some of you are conducting surveys and interviews that would qualify as primary research, but it is not required)

21. Synthesis Content should be more than a mere collection of citations Instead, the writing should reflect a synthesis of what you have learned from the sources

22. Recommended from Jessica Assembling a List of Works Cited In Your Paper, http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/works_cited http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/works_cited Compares APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian Citing Sources Within Your Paper, http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/within.htm http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/within.htm Compares APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian Citation Style Guides for Internet and Electronic Sources, http://www.library.ualberta.ca/guides/citation/index.cfm http://www.library.ualberta.ca/guides/citation/index.cfm

23. Recommended from Kathy General guides The Elements of Style (Strunk & White) A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian) Specific guides (pick one) The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6 th ed (MLA, Gibaldi) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5 th ed (APA) Chicago Manual of Style, 15 th ed (for the detail- oriented, includes MLA)

24. Papers – Requirements Remember - the three papers must include at least 15 citations from scholarly books or journals Papers are evaluated on quality of analysis, focus, and clarity of presentation All work must be original You must reference theory (explain “why”)

25. Questions? I’m still reviewing papers – expect to get them back to you Thursday night at the start of T.Y’s class I need a mailing address (by e- mail!) if you will not be here Thursday

26. Adjourn to COM126 Poster Session Return here by 7.25, please, so we can start at 7.30 with our first speaker We’ll take a brief break at 8.30 PS – I need a volunteer (or two) to introduce speakers