1. Human Physiology Physiology of the Kidneys Chapter 13

2. Glomerular Filtration ANSWER Two processes by which substances can enter the renal tubules: ____ and ________.

3. Glomerular Filtration Two processes by which substances can enter the renal tubules: filtration and secretion.

4. Glomerular Filtration ANSWER A medication that increases urinary output is called a ______. Removal of extra fluid in this manner is likely to __-crease blood pressure.

5. Glomerular Filtration A medication that increases urinary output is called a diuretic. Removal of extra fluid in this manner is likely to de-crease blood pressure.

6. Glomerular Filtration ANSWER Which of the following is filtered most readily by the glomerular capillaries? A. Red blood cells. B. Albumin. C. Glucose. D. All of these.

7. Glomerular Filtration Which of the following is filtered most readily by the glomerular capillaries? A. Red blood cells. B. Albumin. C. Glucose. D. All of these.

8. Glomerular Filtration Which of the following is not true about filtration? I. The filtration rate of a non-renal capillary is greater than a glomerular capillary. II. Constriction of the efferent arteriole has no effect on the glomerular filtration rate. III. The filtration barrier filters based on size and charge. IV. Large proteins are not filtered. A. I and II.B. II, III, and IV. C. I, II, III, and IV.D. I, II, and III. E. III and IV. ANSWER

9. Glomerular Filtration Which of the following is not true about filtration? I. The filtration rate of a non-renal capillary is greater than a glomerular capillary. II. Constriction of the efferent arteriole has no effect on the glomerular filtration rate. III. The filtration barrier filters based on size and charge. IV. Large proteins are not filtered. A. I and II.B. II, III, and IV. C. I, II, III, and IV.D. I, II, and III. E. III and IV.

10. Reabsorption of Salt and Water ANSWER Solute concentration in the renal medulla may reach a maximum of ________ mOsm as compared to _______ mOsm in the renal cortex. A. 1400; 300 B. 300; 1400 C. 100; 1400 D. 1400; 100

11. Reabsorption of Salt and Water Solute concentration in the renal medulla may reach a maximum of ________ mOsm as compared to _______ mOsm in the renal cortex. A. 1400; 300 B. 300; 1400 C. 100; 1400 D. 1400; 100

12. Reabsorption of Salt and Water ANSWER The activation of the sympathetic system tends to cause constriction of the Afferent arteriole. The resulting __-crease in GFR leads to __-creased urine output.

13. Reabsorption of Salt and Water The activation of the sympathetic system tends to cause constriction of the Afferent arteriole. The resulting de-crease in GFR leads to de-creased urine output.

14. Reabsorption of Salt and Water In the loop of Henle, A. The ascending limb is very permeable to water. B. The filtrate in the descending limb becomes more and more hypotonic. C. Urea diffuses out of the descending limb. D. Sodium and chloride ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb. ANSWER

15. Reabsorption of Salt and Water In the loop of Henle, A. The ascending limb is very permeable to water. B. The filtrate in the descending limb becomes more and more hypotonic. C. Urea diffuses out of the descending limb. D. Sodium and chloride ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb.

16. Reabsorption of Salt and Water Urea is A. Actively secreted in the distal convoluted tubule. B. Actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. C. Passively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. D. Completely eliminated in the urine. E. Passively reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule. ANSWER

17. Reabsorption of Salt and Water Urea is A. Actively secreted in the distal convoluted tubule. B. Actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. C. Passively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. D. Completely eliminated in the urine. E. Passively reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule.

18. Renal Plasma Clearance ANSWER Measurement of the plasma concentrations of ________is often used clinically as an index of kidney function?

19. Renal Plasma Clearance Measurement of the plasma concentrations of creatinine is often used clinically as an index of kidney function?

20. Renal Plasma Clearance Which of the following has the lowest renal clearance in a normal situation? A. Glucose. B. PAH. C. Inulin. D. Creatinine. ANSWER

21. Renal Plasma Clearance Which of the following has the lowest renal clearance in a normal situation? A. Glucose. B. PAH. C. Inulin. D. Creatinine. BACK TO GAME

22. Renal Plasma Clearance ANSWER Plasma glucose is reabsorbed at the A. distal convoluted tubule. B. loop of Henle. C. collecting duct. D. proximal convoluted tubule.

23. Renal Plasma Clearance Plasma glucose is reabsorbed at the A. distal convoluted tubule. B. loop of Henle. C. collecting duct. D. proximal convoluted tubule.

24. Renal Electrolyte Regulation Decreased dietary K+ intake leads to A. hypokalemia and decreased K+ reabsorption in the distal tubule. B. hyperkalemia and decreased K+ reabsorption in the collecting duct. C. hypokalemia and increased K+ reabsorption in the collecting duct. D. hyperkalemia and increased K+ reabsorption in the distal tubule.

25. Renal Electrolyte Regulation Decreased dietary K+ intake leads to A. hypokalemia and decreased K+ reabsorption in the distal tubule. B. hyperkalemia and decreased K+ reabsorption in the collecting duct. C. hypokalemia and increased K+ reabsorption in the collecting duct. D. hyperkalemia and increased K+ reabsorption in the distal tubule.

26. Renal Electrolyte Regulation AnswerChemical agentEffect 1. __1. ADHA. Aldosterone secretion 2. __2. AldosteroneB. Endogenous diuretic 3. __3. ANPC. Excretion of phosphate 4. __4. Angiotensin IID. Stimulates sodium reabsorption 5. __5. PTHE. Increases water permeability Match the chemical agent to its appropriate function : ANSWER

27. Renal Electrolyte Regulation AnswerChemical agentEffect 1. E1. ADHA. Aldosterone secretion 2. D2. AldosteroneB. Endogenous diuretic 3. B3. ANPC. Excretion of phosphate 4. A4. Angiotensin IID. Stimulates sodium reabsorption 5. C5. PTHE. Increases water permeability Match the chemical agent to its appropriate function :

28. Renal Electrolyte Regulation Increased plasma K + concentration causes an increase in the production of A. Renin. B. Angiotensin II. C. Aldosterone. D. ADH. ANSWER

29. Renal Electrolyte Regulation Increased plasma K + concentration causes an increase in the production of A. Renin. B. Angiotensin II. C. Aldosterone. D. ADH.

30. ANSWER Substance X can be found in the glomerular filtrate and the peritubular capillaries, but not in the urine. Which of the following best describes the renal handling of substance X? A. filtration and reabsorption B. secretion and excretion C. filtration and excretion D. filtration, reabsorption, secretion, & excretion Renal Electrolyte Regulation

31. Substance X can be found in the glomerular filtrate and the peritubular capillaries, but not in the urine. Which of the following best describes the renal handling of substance X? A. filtration and reabsorption B. secretion and excretion C. filtration and excretion D. filtration, reabsorption, secretion, & excretion

32. Renal Acid-Base Regulation Two major urinary buffers are _________ and ___________. ANSWER

33. Renal Acid-Base Regulation Two major urinary buffers are phosphates and ammonia.

34. Renal Acid-Base Regulation The kidneys help regulate the blood pH by excreting __ and reabsorbing __________. ANSWER

35. Renal Acid-Base Regulation The kidneys help regulate the blood pH by excreting H+ and reabsorbing bicarbonate.

36. Renal Acid-Base Regulation A decrease in pH will have which of the following effects on K + in the urine? A. Increased K + B. Decreased K + C. No change. ANSWER

37. Renal Acid-Base Regulation A decrease in pH will have which of the following effects on K + in the urine? A. Increased K + B. Decreased K + C. No change.

38. Renal Acid-Base Regulation A drug addict overdoses and is found unresponsive and barely breathing at 5 breaths per minute. Which of the following methods would his body use to compensate for the acid-base imbalance? A. Decreased H+ secretion by the kidneys. B. Increased CO2 exhalation. C. Increased renal bicarbonate production. D. Decreased renal bicarbonate reabsorption.

39. Renal Acid-Base Regulation A drug addict overdoses and is found unresponsive and barely breathing at 5 breaths per minute. Which of the following methods would his body use to compensate for the acid-base imbalance? A. Decreased H+ secretion by the kidneys. B. Increased CO2 exhalation. C. Increased renal bicarbonate production. D. Decreased renal bicarbonate reabsorption.