1. Page 1Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) WWRF WG2 Service Architectures for the Wireless World  WG2 Overview  WG2 Chair:Dr. Stefan Arbanowski Fraunhofer FOKUS  WG2 Vice Chair:Dr. Wolfgang Kellerer DoCoMo Euro-Labs

2. Page 2Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) WWRF WG2: Overview  Vision:  “A wireless world, incorporating 3G systems and beyond, offering end- users I-centric services implemented on top of fully cooperating, easily deployed, compatible and secure Service Execution Environments operated by all authorised parties involved in the value network.”  Scope  Design a service architecture to support the I-centric paradigm  Sub-areas  Ambient awareness, Personalisation, Adaptation  Business models & Reference points  Generic service elements  Transition from 3G to 3Gb service architecture  APIs & Middleware technologies

3. Page 3Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) I-centric communication systems - Rationales (1) Network Penetration

4. Page 4Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) I-centric communication systems - Rationales (2) Proliferation of IP-based Devices 0,3M 0,6M 1M 2M 5M 7M 14M 21M 30M 110M '90 '92 '94'96 '98`01 110M 800M 12 Bill Internet Hosts 1990-2001 2002 Internet Hosts Microcontrollers Phone Devices

5. Page 5Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) I-centric communication systems - Rationales  Present telecommunication systems:  designed for specific end systems and services( eg. Fax for facsimile, telephone for telephony, TV broadcasting for TV sets etc)  Since they are generic there is no limitation of the communication space  Controllability, performance and scalability are the resulting problems  Present telecommunication systems are presentation oriented, each of them has its own presentation style  Consequently there is no service integration

6. Page 6Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) I-centric communication systems - Rationales  Human beings have limited communication spaces  I do not know everybody I am not interested in everything etc.  in general they are interested in semantic and not presentation of a specific communication system  they need human services to control, communicate, get informed, etc. as a prolongation of their human senses

7. Page 7Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) I-centric communications systems Future I-centric communication systems:  adaptable to each individual communication space  intelligence in the system  adaptable to the environment and locality of the individual  adaptable to the life stage of each individual  personalized  reacting to the human senses  integrating services to control and manage the individual communication space  follow the user-centered design  imitating human behavior at best

8. Page 8Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Human Communication Space & Underlying Artefacts People News Place ??? Movie Food Money Knowledge

9. Page 9Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Interacting Individuals

10. Page 10Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF)

11. Page 11Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Service Platform Personalization Ambient Awareness Adaptation Ubiquity Consistency Self-Actualisation Safety Belonging Control Privacy Human Capability Augmentation Values Capabilities Values & Capabilities

12. Page 12Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Terminals Reference Model Devices and Communication End Systems Service Platform Generic Service Elements for all layers Service Semantic Wired or wireless Networks IP based Communication Subsystem Business Model Networks IP Transport Layer Network Control & Management Layer Service Support Layer Service Execution Layer Application Support Layer Service Bundling Service Control Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment Conflict Resolution Ambient Awareness Personalization Adaptation User Model & Appl. Scenarios Communication Space (Contexts & Objects)

13. Page 13Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Challenges: Business Model Business Model  One business model for Wireless World service architectures  Roles, relationships, and reference points  Business topology Intelligence inside network or terminal Mobility features – mobile service vs. mobile user  Service lifecycle (creation, deployment, management, billing)  Benefits for operators and users (market value chain) Terminals Business Model Networks IP Transport Layer Network Control & Management Layer Service Support Layer Service Execution Layer Application Support Layer Service Bundling Service Control Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment Conflict Resolution Ambient Awareness Personalization Adaptation

14. Page 14Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Challenges: Service Semantic Terminals Networks IP Transport Layer Network Control & Management Layer Service Support Layer Service Execution Layer Application Support Layer Service Bundling Service Control Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment Conflict Resolution Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation Personalization  Personalized services that automatically reflect user needs  consensus: profile format & categories, standards to exchange profiles & secure privacy sensitive parts  integrate all personalization aspects  profile learning functionality  distributed, loosely coupled, personalization architecture

15. Page 15Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Challenges: Service Semantic Terminals Networks IP Transport Layer Network Control & Management Layer Service Support Layer Service Execution Layer Application Support Layer Service Bundling Service Control Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment Conflict Resolution Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation Ambient Awareness  Development of integrated concepts and strategies for handling situational information  Gathering / exchanging situational information (user activity, geo. location and mobility, physical circumstances, etc.)  Evaluating situational information (How should services behave in order to optimize the user experience)

16. Page 16Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Challenges: Service Semantic Terminals Networks IP Transport Layer Network Control & Management Layer Service Support Layer Service Execution Layer Application Support Layer Service Bundling Service Control Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment Conflict Resolution Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation  Applications adapting dynamically to new situations (location, time, user needs, network and end-device capabilities)  How to translate the wishes of users, which are almost always inaccurate, incomplete and sometimes even contradictory, into a set of rules precise enough for processing to be automated with sufficient reliability?

17. Page 17Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Challenges and Examples: Generic Service Elements / Service Platform Terminals Networks IP Transport Layer Network Control & Management Layer Service Support Layer Service Execution Layer Application Support Layer Service Bundling Service Control Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment Conflict Resolution Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation Generic Service Elements  Functional components which  can be applied by different services  can be applied to several layers  are compliant to a Core Service Framework Model  Examples:  Service Discovery (a mechanism to discover service features dynamically that are provided within a certain context)  Service Deployment (how to deploy services in wireless environments facing temporal unavailability of nodes etc.)  Service Composition (dynamic inter-working of services will help to create and operate contexts)  Environment Monitoring (situational information for context adaptation)

18. Page 18Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Challenges and Examples: IP based communication Subsystem Terminals Networks IP Transport Layer Network Control & Management Layer Service Support Layer Service Execution Layer Application Support Layer Service Bundling Service Control Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment Conflict Resolution Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation  Transversal issues on cooperation (either integration or interworking) between different Access technologies.  Broadcasting and Mobile Networking cooperation  Backward compatibility issues of "All-IP" wide area mobile networks and the existing and emerging standards  Network Reconfigurability  Mobile Broadcasting and Multicasting  Mobility and Resource management and end-to-end QoS techniques  Security, AAA, Charging and Billing issues  Software radio and reconfigurable RF and Baseband architectures  Reconfigurability Management and Architectures  Active Networking  Ad-hoc / multi-hop networking  Mobile IP enhancements

19. Page 19Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Challenges and Examples: Wired or wireless Networks Terminals Networks IP Transport Layer Network Control & Management Layer Service Support Layer Service Execution Layer Application Support Layer Service Bundling Service Control Service Discovery Service Creation Environment Monitoring Service Deployment Conflict Resolution Situation Awareness Personalization Adaptation  Scenario definitions and service related traffic analyses  Concepts for NG systems  Spectrum requirements for next generation (NG) high/low speed systems  Channel modeling and propagation for NG systems  Coexistence of systems in the same frequency band  Single- and multi-carrier based air-interfaces for high mobile use  Interference aware and low power consuming MAC protocols  Air interfaces with a bit rate up to 1Gbps  Advanced smart antennas technology for NG systems  Ad hoc networks related solutions  Multi-hop wireless systems  Infrastructure based NG mobile broadband systems  Requirements for short range communication systems and radio interface design, for addressing specific user/usage needs  Air interfaces for short-range radio communication systems (reduced mobility, short range, with bit-rate of up to 1Gbps), addressing:  Physical layer  Multiple access techniques and protocols  Cross-layer issues  Implementation aspects  Sensor based networks  UWB radio systems

20. Page 20Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) WG2 Charter  DESCRIPTION AND GOALS  SCOPE  CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS  DURATION  SCHEDULE AND DELIVERABLES  RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS  LIAISON/COLLABORATION WITH EXTERNAL ORGANISATION  COORDINATION WITH OTHER WWRF GROUPS  MEETINGS AND COMMUNICATIONS  MEMBERSHIP  CONTACT

21. Page 21Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) DESCRIPTION AND GOALS  The Service Architecture Working Group (WG2) is a working group within the Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF). The working group exists to gather inputs and views from industry and academia, to synthesize these views, to influence future visions and research priorities, and to share results across the forum.  Since September 2001, the Working Group 2 has worked in the area of service architectures and service platforms for future wireless systems. The WG2 focuses on the user as the driving force in future communication systems following the approach of WWRF WG1 (Human Perspective). Based on a ubiquitously connected world, WG2 investigates how the user can be provided by future systems with an I-centric service environment. The services addressed by WG2 are settled on top of an all-IP environment, addressing the fulfillment of any user demand.  The vision of I-centric communications has been developed to put the individual (“I”) user in the center of all activities a communication system performs. WG2 aims for communication systems, which in the future are able to model each individual, his preferences, and adapt to different situations and resources in time. The developed Reference Model for I-centric communications addresses the individual user, interacting with the objects of their personal communication space.  The reference model for I-centric communications follows a top-down approach starting with the introduction of individual communication spaces and services. It is common understanding that I-centric services have to support ambient-awareness, personalization, and adaptability. WG investigates how future service architectures can provide these features supporting all involved parties of the business chain.

22. Page 22Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) SCOPE  Following the I-centric view, the white papers provided by Working Group 2 explain in detail what future service architectures have to provide and how such service architectures can be established. To come up with a complete picture, WG2 starts to analyze future service architectures from high level user requirements breaking that down to already available technologies and needed research activities.  WG2 focuses on the following clusters of research:  Open Service Architecture  Service Capabilities  New Service Building Blocks  Content Analysis and Management  New concepts for I-centric Communications  Mobile Service Platforms (incl. terminal aspects)  Service requirements to the underlying Communication Subsystems

23. Page 23Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS  The dynamic interchange of ideas within the working group This can be measured by assessing the number and quality of contributions to the working group, the number of participants, and the level and consistency of contributions. These should be of a level sufficient to sustain the activities of the working group and its value to the forum.  The timely completion of working group outputs This can be measured through the regular creation, development and release of working group position documents (whitepapers) and by performance to planned schedules for deliverables to other working groups or to the forum.  Influence on key stakeholders This can be measured through the adoption of ideas and concepts of WG2 such as standardization bodies, research projects, or products.

24. Page 24Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) DURATION SCHEDULE & DELIVERABLES  Duration  The Service Architecture Working Group is a standing working group within the WWRF and will thus exist indefinitely. As required by the WWRF, WG2 will review its charter at least annually and seek approval of the steering board. The WWRF can terminate WG2 at any time should the need arise.  A report on WG activities and progress presented to the plenary at each WWRF meeting.  Schedule  Stable, mature WG2 whitepapers archived to the forum web site.  Updated releases of WG2 whitepapers under development continuously.  Requirements (documents) will be taken from WG1 and given to WG3.

25. Page 25Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS WG2 requires the following resources From the WWRF  Space and time in forum meetings to conduct WG2 meetings  Space and time in forum meetings to conduct meetings with other groups within WWRF, e.g., other WGs, SIGs, Vision Committee  Collection of input contributions and distribution of these to WG chair and vice-chair  WG2 website and document repository including document upload access for at least the WG chair and vice-chair  Support for WG2 email lists and email exploder service  From its members  Time and energy to contribute to the work of the working group and its goals. No guaranteed commitment is required, but member organizations are requested to permit their participants to actively engage in contributing to the success of the working group.

26. Page 26Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) LIAISON/COLLABORATION WITH EXTERNAL ORGANISATION  WG2 is interested in interacting with external organizations as appropriate to realize its goals. A non-exhaustive list would include:  Professional societies and standardization bodies (e.g. IEEE, ACM, OMA, IETF, OMG, W3C, etc.) - to engage individuals with expertise and interests relevant to the subject matter of the working group  Complementary or similar groups in other fora (e.g. mITF) - to share perspectives and co-ordinate activities toward common visions and research agendas  Research Projects / Research Consortia that work in similar areas provide good opportunities to disseminate ideas of WG2 or to investigate the identified research tasks  The collaboration or exchange of ideas will be initiated by inviting people from respective external organizations to WG2 meetings. WWRF members, which are also represented in other organizations, act as enabler for these kind of liaisons. Interaction with external organizations will utilize any liaison agreements and processes executed by the WWRF.

27. Page 27Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) COORDINATION WITH OTHER WWRF GROUPS  WG2 will co-ordinate with at least:  Steering Board  Vision Committee  Other WWRF working groups  Special Interest Groups (SIGs)

28. Page 28Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) MEETINGS AND COMMUNICATIONS  The Service Architecture Working Group will use the following meetings and communication vehicles:  Working group meetings, typically 4-8 hours in length, during each WWRF meeting. The facilities and arrangements for these meetings are the responsibility of the forum.  Interim meetings to progress the work of the working group or its sub-groups may be scheduled as needed either through physical meetings or, more typically, via conference call.  Email lists and exploders will be used to distribute information such as meeting minutes or general announcements of interest to working group members.  A web page within the forum’s website will be maintained for sharing of information and documents.

29. Page 29Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Current State of WG2‘ WPs  Whitepapers  Terminology  Business Modelto be published in IEEE BoV  Personalizationexcerpts will be publ. in IEEE ComMag  Ambient Awareness  Adaptability  Next issues:  Generic Service Elements to be finalized in Q4 2004  Enabling Technologies

30. Page 30Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Terminology Whitepaper  Purpose  Defines basic terms used in WG2  Outline  Definitions Communication Space Object Context Active Context Personalization Ambient Awareness Adaptation Preferences Generic Service Elements

31. Page 31Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) situation preferences adaptation  I-centric communications describe the ability to define and to manage contexts that are tailored to the preferences of single users, in its individual way to interact with a communication system.  Based on the evaluation of ‘profiles’ that describe user preferences, service capabilities, and on sensing information about its actual environment (context), the user can be provided with individualized services for his actual demands.  Self-learning capabilities are used to profile the behavior of users, numerous services or several features of different services are combined on-demand, and appropriate terminals and conversion strategies are evaluated. I-Centric Services

32. Page 32Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) I-centric Service Ambient Information User Preferences Objects Object Control & Adaptation

33. Page 33Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Definitions (cont.) Object  An object is a logical representation of hardware or software entity, or even a representation of a certain individual, and provides well-defined services from the perspective of an (other) individual. Individual Communication Space  The individual communication space of a certain individual is defined by a set of objects this individual might want to interact with. Context  A context represents a certain ‘universe of discourse’. It defines relationships and causalities of an individual to and between particular numbers of objects of its communication space. Active Context  A context is active when it is adapted to a certain environment at a certain moment in time. It defines the relationships and causalities of an individual to a particular number of physical resources at certain a moment in time, in a certain environment.

34. Page 34Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Definitions Preferences  Preferences are conditional choices of service characteristics of an object depending on context and ambient information. Preferences are applied to objects during the activation of a context. Ambient Information  Ambient information is information that can be collected, gathered, or sensed from the physical environment using the objects of the individual communication space of a certain individual. I-centric Service  I-centric Services define, manage, and (de)activate contexts in an individual communication space taking ambient information and the preferences of an individual into account. They support an adaptive, personalized, and ambient-aware way to interact with objects in individual communication spaces.

35. Page 35Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Definitions (cont.) Business Model  A business model is a description of how an entity or a set of entities intend to create value with a product or service. It defines the product or service, the roles and relations of the entity, its customers, partners and suppliers, and the physical, virtual, and financial flows between them. Personalization  Personalization provides the information for modeling preferences for an individual communication space in the I-centric system. Ambient-awareness  Ambient-awareness is the functionality provided by an I-centric system to sense and exchange information about the current environment, an individual is in at a certain moment in time. Generic Service Elements  A GSE is a functional software component that can be used by other GSEs, services, or applications and it is hosted by the I-centric Service platform. GSEs provide functionalities common to different services and applications to ease and shorten their development process.

36. Page 36Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Business Model Whitepaper  Purpose  One business model for Wireless World service architectures  Outline  What is a business model? –Definitions and methodology –Functional level vs. Strategic/organizational level vs. Financial level –Integration of models Business topology –Intelligence inside network or terminal –Mobility features – mobile service vs. mobile user  Service lifecycle (creation, deployment, management, billing)  Benefits for operators and users (market value chains / networks)  Draft Business Model for the Wireless World

37. Page 37Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Ambient Awareness Whitepaper  Purpose  Development of integrated concepts for handling situational information  Outline  Definitions Acquiring ambient information –Sensors in network, in devices or in the environment –Human-machine-interfaces, Actors themselves Crunching (Interpreting) ambient information –Aggregating in relation to known reference –Communicating and relating to additional situational information –Different weight & ordering of the processing –Multi-modality  Identified research tasks

38. Page 38Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Personalization Whitepaper  Purpose  Personalized services that automatically reflect user needs  Outline  Introduction Brief definition of Personalization (context, profile, pref., etc.)  General discussion What is the profile ? Where is the profile ? Who accesses the profile? How to secure the profile? How to learn profile?  Identification of research issues

39. Page 39Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Adaptability Whitepaper  Purpose  Applications adapting dynamically to new situations (location, time, user needs, network and end-device capabilities)  Outline  Introduction Brief definition of adaptation List of typical situations when adaptation is needed –a substantial change in characteristics of connectivity, –entering into a new service domain, –changing terminal device in the service session. List of research tasks  Identification of generic service elements  Description of generic service elements

40. Page 40Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Work Plan for 2004  White papers finalization (GSE, Enabling Tech)  Liaison with mITF Service Platform Sub-Committee  reference model discussion incl. service categories, high level capabilities, semantic services, generic service elements, features  New CFP process  Cont. open call  Invited presentations  Domain specific / apps driven meetings

41. Page 41Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Work Plan for 2004 (cont.)  Cross working group activities to harmonize views, terminology, and common scenarios  At next WWRF meeting cross-WG1-6 meeting (3h)  After that ad-hoc bi/multilateral cross-WG meetings  White presentations  to be provided by Q4 2004  Provide WG2 roadmap and vision towards non- WWRF organizations

42. Page 42Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) Summary & Next Steps  5 white papers available  Next 2+1 in preparation  Generic Service Elements  Enabling Technologies  Architecture  White presentations (according to existing white papers)  Any question?  See www.wireless-world-research.org wg2.ww-rf.org  mailto: wg2@wireless-world-research.org or arbanowski@fokus.fraunhofer.de