1. Rosie Cooney (IUCN CEESP/SSC Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group www.iucn.org/suli) Dilys Roe (International Institute for Environment and Development, London www.iied.org) Beyond Enforcement: Communities, Governance, Incentives and Sustainable Use in Combating Wildlife Crime Muldersdrift, South Africa, February 2015 Objectives and Approach of the Symposium

2. Origins of symposium IIED – SULi shared interests in sustainable use and CBNRM IIED – SULi – CEED “Elephant in the Room” briefing paper Feb 2014 United for Wildlife Symposium on Combatting Wildlife Crime Feb 2014 London Conference on Illegal Wildlife Trade Feb 2014 Austrian Ministry of Environment 2011 conference on CITES and CBNRM TRAFFIC – key partner for wildlife trade issues

3. Responses to illegal wildlife trade Law enforcement Reducing demand for illegal products Supporting communities and livelihoods

4. This symposium Law enforcement Reducing demand Supporting communities and livelihoods Beyond Enforcement: Communities, Governance, Incentives and Sustainable Use in Combating Wildlife Crime

5. The process from London February 2014 to Kasane March 2015 seeking to inform development of policy and implementation of commitments

6. Objectives Evaluate: can community-level interventions can make a difference to levels of illegal wildlife trade? what sort of interventions? under what circumstances? summed up in “Theory of Change”

7. The programme Section 1: Introduction Section 2: Wildlife crime and local communities: why bother? a. Communities and wildlife crime: what are the linkages? b. Enforcement strategies: when do they work, and what are the limitations? c. Impacts of enforcement-led strategies on communities and community-based conservation Section 3: Responding to the London Declaration commitments a. Understanding and quantifying the negative impact of wildlife crime on sustainable livelihoods and economic development b. Engaging indigenous and local communities in conservation: the role of governance, rights and incentives, and challenges of this approach c. Involving communities in law enforcement efforts Symposium Statement and Recommendations Panel discussion: reflecting on implications for practice and policy