1. Ali Kaka East African Wildlife Society

2. Wildlife Conservation in East Africa: A Historical Perspective
State control
No community involvement
No benefits and limited or nil compensation for losses

3. Kenyan Results Limited Tolerance Impatience Anger Hatred
Deliberate destruction (25% loss of wildlife, Parks included)

4. Number of CBTs (CCAs) in Kenya
Few of these with steady income
Distribution of income, governance – challenging
Translation into conservation objectives – not clear
Legal framework – not clear

5. Important Lessons:
People living near and with wildlife need to be consulted and involved
Involvement and active participation early – crucial
Solid stake in tourism – helps appreciate responsibilities

6. Still challenging:
Govt. understanding of concept
Habit of not listening or understanding peoples needs
More talk with conservationists
Incentives for Pvt. sector
Governance and legal framework
Sense of “ownership” lacking

7. Wildlife Policy & Legislation:
5 attempts
Major external influence
Uncertain of hunting & utilisation (Hara kiri syndrome in the industry).Photo tourism too big. Thus used as a threat to discourage gvt.
Very low professional capacity in KWS(on other options, except park mgmt and security)

8. Conclusion (crucial for wildlife):
Incentives for community and goodwill
Consultations and consistent involvement
Sense of ownership
Joint oversight:Pvt sect+comm.+conservationsits+Govt.
Clear policies on roles and responsibilities
Devolve authority and responsibilities
No one ideal formula for CBT approach. But PRINCIPLES are crucial and Community MUST be the PRIMARY beneficiary for LONG TERM success of models.

9. If not:
Continued loss of wildlife and habitats (neither guns nor gallows will reverse the decline)
No interest in conservation. Other options for land use will prevail
Parks as core areas will be more isolated and face extinction

10. THANK YOU !