1. 1 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Instrumentation at Trondheim Relevant for ARISE P.J. Espy R.E. Hibbins

2. 2 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Overview of Instrumentation Multi-Spectral All-Sky Airglow Imager Advanced Meteor Radar at the Dragvoll Campus of NTNU Hydroxyl Airglow Spectrometer

3. 3 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Advanced Meteor Radar 175 km Transmits a 35 kW pulse Reflects from ionized meteor trails Interferometric receiver array Spatially locates the echo Sees motion of individual trails Detects sporadic meteors Between 70-110 km in 2 km steps Individual line of sight winds used to deduce 2D wind every 2 km between 75-105 km Temporal resolution better than 1 hr

4. 4 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Advanced Meteor Radar Total number of meteors detected: ~10,000 per day between ~70 and 110 km

5. 5 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Advanced Meteor Radar Hydroxyl Airglow Co-Located with meteors

6. 6 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Advanced Meteor Radar Hydroxyl Airglow Co-Located with meteors Imager characterizes the 2-D gravity wave structure

7. 7 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Advanced Meteor Radar Hydroxyl Airglow Co-Located with meteors Spectrometer characterizes the temperature/density fluctuations at a point in the radar OH M(3,1) & (4,2) bands, 20 s integration

8. 8 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Radar Wind Measurements Tides that provide sharp wind gradients & Change wind direction  100 m/s every 12 h Tides severely underestimated in models such as HWM-07 and WACCM-SD

9. 9 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Radar Wind Measurements Merge radar winds with MERRA analysis to provide whole-atmosphere view Mean meteor winds (tides removed) and MERRA during stratospheric warming event

10. 10 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Radar Wind Measurements Note WACCM-SD overestimates wind shear above constraint region (60 km) and has wrong direction above 70 km Meteor radar-MERRA @ TRDWACCM-SD @ TRD Merge radar winds with MERRA analysis to provide whole-atmosphere view

11. 11 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Gravity waves with meteor radar Gravity waves create excess variance in the wave-propagation direction Gravity-wave momentum flux and momentum- flux divergence can be measured

12. 12 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Individual gravity waves observed Directional Variance

13. 13 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Individual gravity waves observed Directional Variance

14. 14 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Meso-scale Wave Observations 700 km TRD ANX Compare winds from Trondheim (TRD) meteor radar with those from the IAP Kühlungsborn (Germany) meteor radar located at Andenes (ANX)

15. 15 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Planetary waves using array of SuperDARN meteor radars

16. 16 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Conclusions Suite of instrumentation at Trondheim Allows observation of mean winds and tides with 2 km vertical resolution and high temporal resolution Combined with MERRA provides whole-atmosphere picture of winds from 0-105 km Characterization of gravity-wave bulk properties: variance, momentum flux and wave forcing 3-D characterization of temperature, density and wind variation from individual gravity waves In collaboration with other radars Characterization of meso-scale wave systems from 75-105 km

17. 17 Atmospheric and Environmental Physics Atmospheric and environmental physics group Department of Physics, NTNU and Birkeland Centre for Space Sciences (UiB, NTNU, UNIS) –Patrick Espy, Professor –Robert Hibbins, Professor –Marianne Daae, BCSS-SFF stipendiat –Rosmarie de Wit, NTNU stipendiat –Amund Gjendem, NTNU stipendiat –Nora Kleinknecht, NTNU stipendiat –Venkat Rao Narkull BCSS-SFF Postdoctoral fellow –6 MSc students (presently)