1. Developing the 2013 Israeli Guidelines for UV Disinfection Facilities for Drinking Water: Submitting a plan, operating and monitoring Dganit Eichen National Env. Engineer and Information Specialist

2. 1.Why develop UV guidelines in Israel? 2. Legal Background. Main points: 3. UV as a supplement to Chlorine Disinfection 4.Process of Developing UV Guidelines. 5. UV guidelines contents. 6. Situation in Israel today and in the near future.

3. 1.UV Disinfection facilities operate successfully all around the world. Why Develop UV Guidelines in Israel? 2. United States(EPA) and Germany (DVGW) Austria (ONORM) developed UV guidelines. 3. Water suppliers requested use of UV technology. 4. Benefits of Multi Barrier Protection: A comprehensive disinfection strategy provides multiple barriers to reduce microbial risk, while minimizing disinfectant byproduct (DBP) formation.

4. % removalRemoval FactorPathogen 992- log removal Cryptosporidium 99.93-log removal Giardia 99.994-log removal Viruses PUBLIC HEALTH REGULATIONS 2013 - THE SANITARY QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER AND DRINKING WATER FACILITIES Regulation 17: Removal Factors

5. PUBLIC HEALTH REGULATIONS 2013 - THE SANITARY QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER AND DRINKING WATER FACILITIES Regulation 19: Water Disinfection (a) A supplier shall not supply drinking water unless it contains at least one of the disinfectants specified in Column A of Table A in Annex 5

6. PUBLIC HEALTH REGULATIONS 2013 - THE SANITARY QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER AND DRINKING WATER FACILITIES Regulation 19: Water Disinfection (d) The Director may approve the disinfection of water with a disinfectant, or by a technology, not specified in Table A of Annex 5, on such conditions as he finds appropriate, if he has found that the efficiency thereof is equivalent to those disinfectants specified in Table A of Annex 5.

7. In Israel Chlorination of water is compulsory, and a Chlorine Residual is required (0.1 -0.5 mg/L in the water supply system). No routine monitoring of Crypto and Giardia. Wells that are in microbial risk require a supplemental UV disinfection Why Chlorine is not always enough: National Water carrier water is rich in Organic material with a long retention time – formation of DBP. (UV Not implemented yet). Many Drinking water wells located in urban areas – short retention time of Chlorine.

8. Public Hearings with UV firms and water suppliers. Process of Developing UV Guidelines: Israel makes use of global standards and guidelines: WHO, EU, US, AS/NZS. Learning from US experience: visiting the Hydroqual UV validation and research center of New York, the Cat-Del UV Disinfection facility, municipal water providers and regulators in the US Studying the EPA’s UVDGM (US), DVGW W294 (Germany), ONORM 5873 (Austria). Correspondence with UV experts in the US and Germany.

9. Appendices including informative chapters Contents and Format Introduction: legal framework, definitions, general instructions Submitting a plan includes:  background data  Facility technical plan  validation testing results  monitoring system elements  alarms and failures Operation and maintenance of UV reactors Recording and Reporting

10. Validation Tests by Third Party: Will be held by a certified and independent third party validation center, according to either the : EPA UVDGM 2006 Austrian Standards Institute (ÖNORM) (2001, 2003) 5873-1,2 German Association for Gas and Water (DVGW) (2006). DVGW W294-1, 2, 3.

11. 2. Improving disinfection capabilities could lead to reduction of Chlorine use in the future. Situation in Israel today and in the near future 1. About 15 Drinking water UV disinfection facilities (existing and in construction) for water wells due to: -microbial risk potential from sewage system. -existing microbial contamination. 3. “Drinking Water well regulations” (revision 2011) allows a well to continue supplying water despite existing microbial risks in protection zones, provided desalination treatment takes place. In future the use of UV may be included.

12. Thank you!