1. Neisseria gram-negative cocci that inhabit the mucous membranes

2. Readings Question #1 One of the most common communicable diseases in the United States is gonorrhea, an STD caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. How does it attach to the tissues? How does it spread? What is its only natural host? What is its most common symptoms? When do symptoms appear?

3. Gonorrhea leukocytes men: single unprotected exposure- 20-35% women: 60-90% Men:urethra sterility vas deferens

4. Women insidious cervix abdominal pain: PID Men and Women Untreated gonorrhea can disseminate and become a serious, systemic infection.

5. Opthalmia Neonatorum antibiotics/silver nitrate

6. Antibiotic Resistance penicillin fluorquinolone antibiotics frequent coinfection with chlamydia include antichlamydial in treatment – tetracycline Diagnosis: ELISA- detects N. gonorrhoeae

7. Readings Question 2 Gonorrhea is a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease in women. What are its signs and symptoms? What is epididymitis?

8. PID 1 in 10 women 1 in 4: serious complications coinfection with chlamydial bacteria barrier contraceptives with spermicides salpingitis: most serious form – ectopic/tubal pregnancy Treatment: gonococcus and chlamydia

9. Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus) aerobic, gram-negative bacteria with a capsule, pili, and production of endotoxins endotoxins are primarily responsible for symptoms most distinguishing feature is the rash that does not face when pressed

10. Meningococcus Rash Spots do not blanch when pressed with the glass.

11. Meningococcus Rash Septicemic Rash

12. Meningococcal Meningitis typically begins with a throat infection which leads to bacteremia, and eventually meningitis generally occurs in children under 2 years residual damage sporadic outbreaks vaccine penicillin and cephalosporin

13. Menningococcemia Gangrene of the hand of a 4 month old.

14. Clostridium obligate anaerobes rod-shaped cells that contain endospores Clostridium botulinum: botulin

15. Readings Question 3 Clostridium tetani causes what bacterial infection? Describe the characteristics of this microbe. Where is it found? What are its symptoms, and what causes them?

16. Gas Gangrene

18. Readings Question #4 Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of a postmortem condition known as tissue gas. List 3 things that may result in this condition in the decedent. List 7 conditions that predispose the decedent to tissue gas formation.

19. Food Intoxication Clostridium perfringens Gastroenteritis: one of the more common forms of food poisoning in the United States improper handling of meat during the slaughtering of animals 2 main causes: 1) keeping foods warm for more than 20 minutes 2) inadequate refrigeration

20. Corneybacterium Diptheria: caused by Corneybacterium diptheria 2 forms: 1) respiratory 2) cutaneous

21. Respiratory Diptheria Begins with a sore throat, followed by general malaise and swelling of the neck. DTaP vaccine antibiotics used in conjunction with antitoxin

22. Cutaneous Diptheria C. diptheria infects the skin minimal systemic circulation of the toxin slow-healing ulcerations covered by a gray membrane

23. Reading Question #5 Tularemia/Rabbit Fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. What are the characteristics of this parasite? How can it enter the body? What are the signs associated with this disease? Proliferation can lead to sepsis. Streptomycin is the antibiotic of choice.

24. Salmonella typhi most virulent strain and causes typhoid fever pathogen not found in animals spread only in the feces of other humans S. typhi multiply within phagocytic cells, disseminated into multiple organs phagocytic cells “lyse” high fever and headache are 1 st symptoms diarrhea in 2 nd or 3 rd week

25. Typhoid Fever 350 – 500 annual cases in the United States 70% foreign travel worldwide: 16 million annual cases 600,000 deaths/year cephalosporins 1909 newspaper illustration