1. Lipids

2. Characteristics of Lipids  NONPOLAR (neutral)  DO NOT dissolve in water Hydrophobic Hydrophobic (at least part of the molecule)(at least part of the molecule) Will dissolve in Will dissolve in nonpolar solvents like ______

3. Emulsifiers  Can cause fats to mix with water Have polar and nonpolar ends Have polar and nonpolar ends Surround oil droplets with polar ends out to dissolve in water Surround oil droplets with polar ends out to dissolve in water Ex- soaps and detergentsEx- soaps and detergents

4. Fats and Oils  made of glycerol and fatty acids  Called-TRIGLYCERIDE: Made of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids Made of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids linked through dehydration synthesis reactions linked through dehydration synthesis reactions

5. Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated  Saturated Fatty Acids have no double covalent bonds between carbon atoms. (the C chain is “saturated” with all the H’s it can hold) (the C chain is “saturated” with all the H’s it can hold) Solid at room temperature Solid at room temperature Ex- butterEx- butter

6. Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated  Unsaturated Fatty Acids have double covalent bonds between carbon atoms. Liquid at room temperature Liquid at room temperature Ex- oilsEx- oils

7. Hydrogenated?  Ever heard of hydrogenated fats? What do you think this means? Manufacturers add H’s to make fats saturated Manufacturers add H’s to make fats saturated Allows them to be solid and last longerAllows them to be solid and last longer Can create TRANS FATSCan create TRANS FATS Today show on fats Today show on fats Today show on fats Today show on fats

8. Kinds of Lipids  Fats and Oils  Phospholipids  Steroids

9. Phospholipids  Have a phosphate in place of a fatty acid

10. Phospholipids  Not electrically neutral like fats  Have a POLAR HEAD (because of the phosphate ion) and a NONPOLAR TAIL This property determines the structure of a cell membrane as we will see soon This property determines the structure of a cell membrane as we will see soon

11. Kinds of Lipids  Fats and Oils  Phospholipids  Steroids

12. Steroids  Backbone of 4 fused Carbon rings Ex- cholesterol (also important in cell membranes)

13. What kind of lipid is shown below? 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930 1. Fat/Oil 2. Steroid 3. Phospholipid

14. How would you describe the fatty acid below?... 1. Hydrogenated 2. Saturated 3. Unsaturated