1. Ray Diagrams for Lenses

2. Convex (Converging) Lenses There are two Focal points One in Front and one Behind Focal point is ½ way between Center of Curvature & Lens Incident rays traveling parallel to the principal axis will refract through the lens and converge to the focal point

3. Concave (Diverging) Lenses There are two Focal points One in Front and one Behind Focal point is ½ way between Center of Curvature & Lens Incident rays traveling parallel to the principal axis will refract through the lens and diverge, never intersecting.

4. Optics Equations From Lab: (1/d o )+ (1/d i ) = (1/f) f is positive for Convex (Converging) lenses f is negative for Concave (Diverging) lenses Magnification (h i /h o ) = - (d i /d o ) = M

5. Ray Diagrams for Convex Lenses C ffC Parallel Ray Top of the Object parallel to Axis to Midline of Lens Midline of Lens through Far Focal Point Focal Ray Top of the Object through near focal point to Midline of Lens Midline of Lens parallel to Axis Center Ray Top of the Object through Center of lens Where Midline of lens and Axis intersect Image Top of the image is located where the three rays of light meet. Midline Image Larger, Inverted & Real

6. Ray Diagrams for Concave Lenses C ffC Parallel Ray Top of the Object parallel to Axis to Midline of Lens Midline of Lens away from NEAR Focal Point Focal Ray Top of the Object, aimed at FAR focal point until hits Midline of lens Midline of Lens Parallel to Axis Center Ray Top of the Object through Center of lens Where Midline of lens and Axis intersect Image The three rays of light diverge so… Trace the REFRACTED rays backward Top of the image is located where the three rays of light meet. Midline Image Smaller, Upright & Virtual