1. Muscles of the Head Two groups Muscles of facial expression
Muscles of mastication and tongue movement
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2. Muscles of Facial Expression
Insert into skin
Important in nonverbal communication
All innervated by cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
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3. Muscles of Facial Expression: The Scalp
Epicranius (occipitofrontalis)
Bipartite muscle consisting of
Galea aponeurotica—cranial aponeurosis connecting two bellys
Frontal belly; occipital belly
Have alternate actions; pull scalp forward and backward
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4. Muscles of Facial Expression: The Face
Corrugator supercilii
Zygomaticus
Risorius
Levator labii superioris
Depressor labii inferioris
Depressor anguli oris
Orbicularis oris
Mentalis
Buccinator
Platysma
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5. Figure 10.7b Lateral view of muscles of the scalp, face, and neck.
Epicranial
aponeurosis
Frontal
belly
Epicranius
Corrugator supercilii
Occipital
belly
Orbicularis oculi
Levator labii
superioris
Temporalis
Zygomaticus
minor and major
Buccinator
Masseter
Risorius
Sternocleidomastoid
Orbicularis oris
Trapezius
Mentalis
Depressor
labii inferioris
Splenius
capitis
Depressor anguli oris
Platysma
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6. Muscles of Mastication
Four pairs involved in mastication; all innervated by cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)
Prime movers of jaw closure
Temporalis and masseter
Chewing role - holds food between teeth
Buccinator
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7. Figure 10.8a Muscles promoting mastication and tongue movements.
Temporalis
Orbicularis
oris
Masseters
Buccinator
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8. Muscles of Mastication and Tongue Movement
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Temporalis
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Masseter
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Buccinator
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9. Muscles of Tongue Movement
Three muscles anchor and move tongue
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
All innervated by cranial nerve XII - hypoglossal nerve
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10. Figure 10.8c Muscles promoting mastication and tongue movements.
Styloid process
Styloglossus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Mandibular symphysis
Stylohyoid
Hyoid bone
Geniohyoid
Thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid
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11. Infrahyoid Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat
PLAY
Animation: Rotating head
PLAY
Animation: Rotating face
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12. Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
Two functional groups
Muscles that move head
Muscles that extend trunk and maintain posture
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13. Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head Movement
Sternocleidomastoid—major head flexor
Sternocleidomastoid -- lateral head movements
Splenius capitis - head extension, rotation, and lateral bending
Semispinalis capitis—synergist with sternocleidomastoid
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14. Base of occipital bone 1st cervical vertebra Mastoid process
Figure 10.10a Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk.
Base of
occipital bone
1st cervical
vertebra
Mastoid
process
Sternocleido-
mastoid
Anterior
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15. Mastoid process Splenius capitis Spinous processes of the vertebrae
Figure 10.10b Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk.
Mastoid process
Splenius
capitis
Spinous
processes
of the
vertebrae
Splenius
cervicis
Posterior
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16. Platysma (cut) Sternocleidomastoid (cut) Internal jugular vein
Figure 10.10c Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk.
Platysma (cut)
Sternocleidomastoid
(cut)
Internal jugular vein
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis major
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17. Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head Movement
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Splenius capitis
PLAY
A&P Flix™: Semispinalis capitis
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18. Iliocostalis cervicis Longissimus cervicis
Figure 10.10d Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk.
Ligamentum
nuchae
Mastoid process
of temporal bone
Semispinalis
capitis
Longissimus capitis
Semispinalis
cervicis
Iliocostalis cervicis
Longissimus cervicis
Semispinalis
thoracis
Iliocostalis thoracis
Longissimus thoracis
Spinalis thoracis
Iliocostalis
Erector
spinae
Longissimus
Spinalis
Multifidus
Iliocostalis
lumborum
Quadratus
lumborum
External oblique
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