1. MENTAL HEALTH: Recognizing the Healthy Personality Ms. Mai Lawndale High School

2. What is Mental Health? Mental health – a state of well-being of the mind (good self-esteem) Having good self-esteem means liking yourself and being able to stand up for what you believe is right

3. The Mentally Healthy Person Your PERSONALITY is the mix of how you feel, think, and behave that makes you different from everyone else Personalities can be healthy (those who accept themselves) or unhealthy (those who do not accept themselves)

4. Different Approaches Psychologists are people who study human behavior and personalities Psychologists have developed four different theories about how the personality is developed 1. Psychoanalytic Approach 2. Trait 3. Social-Learning Approach 4. Humanistic Approach

5. 1. Psychoanalytic Approach Developed by Sigmund Freud Focuses on the development of the child and subconscious motivation (part of the brain that is not accessible to thought) Every action, emotion, and thought is the result of the subconscious wish or fear

6. Freud’s Theory and Human Instinct Freud believed that humans are born with basic instincts of aggression that must be controlled in order to maintain a safe and civilized society He divided the personality into three main systems Id – instinctive behaviors of fun and pleasure (want to do) Ego – represents reality and boundaries (provides balance between the id and the superego) Superego – person ’ s conscience of values (should do)

7. 2. Trait Personality is dependent upon specific traits Traits are personal qualities that are characteristic of a behavior to the individual

8. 3. Social-Learning Approach Personality is dependent upon reinforcement Actions that lead to rewards are likely to be repeated, and actions that are punished are less likely to be repeated

9. 4. Humanistic Approach Every person is born good and has the potential to develop into a good person

10. Personality Development Psychologists have divided all personality development into two major groups: hereditary and environmental

11. Heredity and Personality Heredity includes height, color of eyes and hair, shyness, ability to adapt, mood, activity level Heredity factors include characteristics that were passed down from your parents Children often have levels of intelligence that are similar to those of their parents

12. Heredity and Personality In order to determine the role of heredity in intelligence, scientists study identical twins because they have the exact same genetic make up. Result shave shown that identical twins tend to have very similar levels of intelligence, even if they grow up in different surrounding. Scientists conclude that heredity plays a very strong role in determining intelligence

13. Heredity and Personality Certain types of behavior are inherited by all people and do not need to be learned (instinct) For example, all babies are born knowing how to nurse

14. Heredity and Personality Scientists believe that people are born with certain characteristics that describe their personalities Extroverts – people who are outgoing Introverts – people who prefer to be alone rather than in a crowd

15. Extrovert versus Introvert Calm and SecureWorrying and Vulnerable Quite and RetiringSociable and Outgoing Conservative and Unadventuresome Liberal and Daring Selfish and IrritableSelfless and Good- Natured Careless and Undependable Careful and Reliable

16. Environment and Personality Even though you were born with many traits that influence your personality, you develop other characteristics because of the particular environment Your family, your school, and your community can all affect your personality development Environmental factors include your physical and social surroundings, and your life experiences

17. Environment and Personality Socialization is the process of teaching behavior based on the beliefs and habits of your family or community This can include religion, traditions, dress, and ways of behaving towards other people Socialization is taught through conditioning, modeling, and expanding a child ’ s horizons

18. Environment and Personality Conditioning is changing behavior through rewards and punishments Modeling is changing behavior by watching and imitating another person Expanding horizons is allowing a person to gain exposure to people and places outside of their home in order to experience new activities (intelligence)

19. Environment and Personality Your gender also plays an important role in personality development The effect of gender on personality is largely due to the expectations of society about how males and females should behave Due to these expectations, certain behaviors are often more accepted by one gender than another

20. Environment and Personality Stereotyping is thinking that all members of a large group all share the same characteristics Expectations for certain ethnic or gender groups are the largely based on stereotypes When you stereotype someone, you fail to recognize the person ’ s uniqueness

21. In Conclusion… Scientists agree that personality development is the result of a combination of heredity AND environmental influences

22. In Your Wellness Journal… HEREDITY VERSUS ENVIRONMENT What do you think affects someone ’ s personality development more, heredity or their environment? Explain your reasoning.