1. Hydrotherapy Health and Well-Being From the use of WATER

2. Use of Water In all three states In all three states SOLID SOLID LIQUID LIQUID GAS GAS

3. Internally or Externally For the Treatment of D DISEASE T TRAUMA D DYSFUNCTION

4. Administration of Hydrotherapuetic Procedures Not Technically Difficult Good Results-Depend upon Meticulous Attention to Detail Just Like in Massage Art – Requires diligent practice to develop finesse for which we should strive for

5. HOMEOSTASIS Body strives for normal uniform physiological stability Body strives for normal uniform physiological stability To Preserve this condition the body must continually make physiological adjustments to various stresses and conditions To Preserve this condition the body must continually make physiological adjustments to various stresses and conditions

6. Various Stresses and Conditions Seasonal Changes Seasonal Changes Temperature Temperature Allergens Allergens Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Pressure

7. Additional Stressors & Environmental Factors Rainfall & Sunlight Rainfall & Sunlight Various Radiations Various Radiations Food, Clothing, & Water Food, Clothing, & Water Social Conditions Social Conditions

8. In Hydrotherapy Environment of Body is Changed By Means of Water At Various Temperatures By Various Mechanical Means By Chemical Reaction (Indirect or Direct)

9. In General, Physiological Responses are in Direct Proportion to the Extent of the Environmental Changes Example: 97 F shows little physiological response (actually sedative) Versus: 110 F marked change a) temperature rises nervous excitement b )metabolism rises c) blood more alkaline d) white blood cells increase

10. In 20 Minutes, Body Temperature may reach 104 F Pulse Rate over 160 per minute Fortunately can be Reversed Fortunately can be Reversed Obvious REAL measurable Physiological change Obvious REAL measurable Physiological change For this Reason Hydrotherapy For this Reason Hydrotherapy Although one of the oldest Techniques Although one of the oldest Techniques Is still recognized as very important as well as very potent and effective Is still recognized as very important as well as very potent and effective

11. Properties of Water Valuable Therapeutic Agent because: Valuable Therapeutic Agent because: a) Readily Available & Abundant a) Readily Available & Abundant b) Applied with Relatively Simple & Inexpensive Equipment b) Applied with Relatively Simple & Inexpensive Equipment c) Possesses Ability to Communicate and Absorb Large Quantities of Heat c) Possesses Ability to Communicate and Absorb Large Quantities of Heat

12. Properties of Water d) Good Conductor of Heat d) Good Conductor of Heat e) Exists in Three States within a e) Exists in Three States within a Narrow Temperature Range Narrow Temperature Range f) Density & Mass near that of f) Density & Mass near that of Human Body Human Body g) Viscosity and Surface Tension g) Viscosity and Surface Tension works well with dermis and muscle works well with dermis and muscle

13. Properties of Water Buoyant Effect- valuable in neuromuscular re-education of paralyzed muscles Hydrostatic Effect- shifting of fluid from re-education of paralyzed muscles Hydrostatic Effect- shifting of fluid from one part of the body to another one part of the body to another ( Versus Hydrostatic Pressure) ( Versus Hydrostatic Pressure) causes increase in venous and lymph causes increase in venous and lymph away from periphery, urine output away from periphery, urine output

14. Hot or Cold Very Hot 104°F & above Very Hot 104°F & above Hot 100 to 104°F Hot 100 to 104°F Warm 92 to 100°F Warm 92 to 100°F Tepid 80 to 92°F Tepid 80 to 92°F Cool 70 to 80°F Cool 70 to 80°F Cold 55 to 70°F Cold 55 to 70°F Very Cold 32 to 55°F Very Cold 32 to 55°F It is essential that a means of measuring temperature is available It is essential that a means of measuring temperature is available

15. Fahrenheit Vs. Celsius F° C° 212° Boiling Point 100° 98.6° Human Body 37° 32° Freezing 0° Conversion: °C to °F = y 9/5 + 32° °F to °C = (y-32)(5/9)

16. Heat Transfer 1) Conduction – heat is transferred by direct contact of one heated object with another. This is the manner in which hydrotherapy works in the body by means of packs, immersion baths, sprays, douches, vapor baths, drinking water 1) Conduction – heat is transferred by direct contact of one heated object with another. This is the manner in which hydrotherapy works in the body by means of packs, immersion baths, sprays, douches, vapor baths, drinking water 2) Convection – heat is transferred by moving currents of heated liquids or gases (hot air furnaces, sauna, or auto radiator 2) Convection – heat is transferred by moving currents of heated liquids or gases (hot air furnaces, sauna, or auto radiator

17. Heat Transfer 3) Conversion – heat is generated in substance or tissue by passage through some form of energy (wire filament by electricity, heating of body tissue by diathermy or ultrasound) 3) Conversion – heat is generated in substance or tissue by passage through some form of energy (wire filament by electricity, heating of body tissue by diathermy or ultrasound) 4) Radiation – usually a cooling effect, such as seeing heat coming off asphalt 4) Radiation – usually a cooling effect, such as seeing heat coming off asphalt

18. Physiological Effects Thermal Effects Thermal Effects Produced by Application of Water at Temperature Produced by Application of Water at Temperature Above or Below Body Temperature Above or Below Body Temperature The Greater the Variation of Temperature The Greater the Variation of Temperature The Greater the Physiological Effect The Greater the Physiological Effect Thermal Effect is the Most Important Effect Thermal Effect is the Most Important Effect of Hydrotherapy of Hydrotherapy

19. Physiological Effects Mechanical Effects Mechanical Effects Produced by Impact on Skin Surface Produced by Impact on Skin Surface By: Whirlpools By: Whirlpools Sprays Sprays Douches Douches Frictions Frictions Vichy Shower Vichy Shower Scotch Hose Scotch Hose

20. Physiological Effects Chemical Effects Chemical Effects Produced when taken by Mouth or Produced when taken by Mouth or When used as an Irrigation When used as an Irrigation Includes: Enemas Includes: Enemas Drinking Water Drinking Water Irrigation of Wound Irrigation of Wound

21. Manipulation of blood flow: Revulsive: (alternate) Application of hot and cold. Reduces congestion and produces an analgesic effect. Derivation: The use of heat to draw blood and lymph to one part of the body. Retrostasis: the use of cold to drive blood and lymph away from a particular part of the body. Collateral Circulation: combines derivation and retrostsais to modify blood flow from a superficial artery to change the circulation of a deep artery.

22. Manipulation of blood flow: (continued) Arterial Trunk Reflex: Whatever influences the arterial trunk will also influence the smaller vessels fed by the trunk. Arterial Trunk Reflex: Whatever influences the arterial trunk will also influence the smaller vessels fed by the trunk. Spinal Cord Reflex: Each vital center has a corresponding area of skin which is reflexively connected to it. Spinal Cord Reflex: Each vital center has a corresponding area of skin which is reflexively connected to it. Hydrostatic Effect: Shifting of blood and lymph from one area of the body to another area. Hydrostatic Effect: Shifting of blood and lymph from one area of the body to another area.