1. Page 1 Controller Action2.java Struts- config. xml Mappings Business Logic Layer Data Layer View Layer Business Bean 1 Jsp Engine Jsp 1 Action3.java Action4.java Action1.java Business Bean 2 Business Bean 3 Jsp 2Jsp 3 Form Bean 1 Form Bean 2 Other Bean 1 request/session Web Browser Db Server path action [form bean] [forwards] Jsp 2 Web Server Jsp 2

2. Web Server creates / reuses index.htm Controller Show Logging Action.java Mappings Business Logic Layer Data Layer View Layer Jsp Engine LoggingBean.java logging.jsp Logging Form request/session Web Browser Db Server Request: ShowLogging.do creates form bean in correct scope perform(mapping, form, request, response) calls business logic rule to get logging info returns forward(success) mainpulates data setCategoryList(list) forwards – logging.jsp expands custom tags response sent to browser – pure html looks up <action path="/ShowLogging" type="beans.ShowLoggingAction" name="LoggingForm"> <forward name="success“ path="/logging.jsp" /> ServerBean.java populates form values …. logging.jsp Messages Resources displays internationalized messages

3. Web Server creates / reuses action instance logging.jsp Controller Show Logging Action.java Mappings Business Logic Layer Data Layer View Layer Jsp Engine LoggingBean.java results.jsp Logging Form request/session Web Browser Db Server form submit – action=‘SaveLogging.do’ reuses form bean in correct scope calls perform(mapping, form, request, response) getCategoryList() returns mapping.findForward("success") forwards – result.jsp expands custom tags Displays internationalized messages from bean response sent to browser – pure html looks up <action path="/SaveLogging" type="beans.SaveLoggingAction" name="LoggingForm"> <forward name="success“ path="/result.jsp" /> ServerBean.java Messages Bean add result messages auto populates using bean getters/setters becomes request parameter category[0].value added to form using LoggingForm.getCategory(0).setValue(value) For each one that user has changed… call business logic to change on server browser adds form variables to request results.jsp

4. if submit, auto populates form bean from request params Page 1 Controller Action2.java Struts- config. xml Mappings Business Logic Layer Data Layer View Layer Business Bean 1 Jsp Engine Jsp 1 Action3.java Action4.java Action1.java Business Bean 2 Business Bean 3 Jsp 2Jsp 3 Form Bean 1 Form Bean 2 Other Bean 1 request/session Web Browser Business Data reads on start-up creates incoming requests creates/reuses any associated form bean path action [form bean] [forwards] passes control to relevant action to handle interacts with lower layers - acts as adaptor between HTTP and layers below gets data to display (adds to beans in request/session)…or saves data from beans via business rules looks up path to determine action/ form bean returns appropriate forward relevant page called processes custom tags – fill form elements from beans, display internationalized messages pure HTML sent to browser Jsp 2 Action2.java Form Bean 2 Web Server Jsp 2