1. Salutogenesis Subodh S Gupta

2. WHAT IS HEALTH?

3. What is Health? Definition by WHO: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Definition by WHO: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” “The state of being hale, sound, or whole; in body, mind, or soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease or pain.” “The state of being hale, sound, or whole; in body, mind, or soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease or pain.” Hindi gives the most appropriate term for health. “ LokLF; ” = “ Lo ” + “ LF; ”; being stable in self Hindi gives the most appropriate term for health. “ LokLF; ” = “ Lo ” + “ LF; ”; being stable in self

4. By health I mean THE POWER to live a full, adult, living, breathing life in close contact with what I love – the earth and the wonders thereof – the sea – the sun. ………………. …………………. I want, by understanding myself, to understand others. I want to be all that I am capable of becoming. ………………. …………………. About helping others, about carrying a light and so on. Katherine Mansfield

5. By health I mean the power to live a full, adult, living, breathing life in close contact with what I love — the earth and the wonders thereof — the sea — the sun. All that we mean when we speak of the external world. A want to enter into it, to be part of it, to live in it, to learn from it, to lose all that is superficial and acquired in me and to become a conscious direct human being. I want, by understanding myself, to understand others. I want to be all that I am capable of becoming so that I may be (and here I have stopped and waited and waited and it’s no good — there’s only one phrase that will do) a child of the sun. About helping others, about carrying a light and so on, it seems false to say a single word. Let it be at that. A child of the sun. Warm, eager, living life — to be rooted in life — to learn, to desire to know, to feel, to think, to act. That is what I want. And nothing less. By health I mean the power to live a full, adult, living, breathing life in close contact with what I love — the earth and the wonders thereof — the sea — the sun. All that we mean when we speak of the external world. A want to enter into it, to be part of it, to live in it, to learn from it, to lose all that is superficial and acquired in me and to become a conscious direct human being. I want, by understanding myself, to understand others. I want to be all that I am capable of becoming so that I may be (and here I have stopped and waited and waited and it’s no good — there’s only one phrase that will do) a child of the sun. About helping others, about carrying a light and so on, it seems false to say a single word. Let it be at that. A child of the sun. Warm, eager, living life — to be rooted in life — to learn, to desire to know, to feel, to think, to act. That is what I want. And nothing less.

6. WHY USE SALUTOGENESIS? If not bad, are you good? If not poor, are you rich? If not hopeless, are you hopeful? If not dissatisfied, are you satisfied? If not ill, do you have health/wellness? If you don’t flunk out, are you a good student? We have done well, but..... We can do better with more information!

7. WHAT DID YOU DO TODAY TO AVOID DISEASE?

8. WHAT DID YOU DO TODAY TO CREATE HEALTH?

9. SALUTOGENESIS VS. PATHOGENESIS Existing Model - Pathogenesis studies origins of disease Existing Model - Pathogenesis studies origins of disease Salutogenesis studies the origins of Health Salutogenesis studies the origins of Health Existing Model - Pathogenesis studies origins of disease Existing Model - Pathogenesis studies origins of disease Salutogenesis studies the origins of Health Salutogenesis studies the origins of Health Pathogenesis Basics What causes diseases? About Avoiding Problems Disease/Illness an anomaly Reactive - Absence Disease Optimistic - Treat Disease Against pain or Loss Prepares one to live Salutogenesis Basics What causes Health? About Approaching Potential Inherently flawed, entropy Proactive - Presence Health Pessimistic - Go Get Health For Gain or Growth Discover how to live fully AND Like Mother Theresa’s Empowering Philosophy

10. Injury Accidents Dirt Bacteria Pollution Toxins Diseases Risks PATHOLOGY OBJECTIVES

11. Laughter Endorphins Fun Enthusiasm Excitement Happiness Joy SALUTOGENIC OBJECTIVES Hope

12. Father of Salutogenesis Aaron Antonovsky (1923 – 1994) Aaron Antonovsky (1923 – 1994) Medical Sociologist Medical Sociologist Coined term in 1968 to capture an emerging concept Coined term in 1968 to capture an emerging concept Why did some manage to avoid illness and do well even when subjected to extreme stressors? Why did some manage to avoid illness and do well even when subjected to extreme stressors?

13. Salutogenesis Derivation of Greek and Latin Derivation of Greek and Latin Latin: salus = health Latin: salus = health Greek: genesis = source Greek: genesis = source In combination = Sources of health In combination = Sources of health

14. Salutogenesis Salutogenesis is an alternative medicine concept that focuses on factors that support human health and well-being rather than on factors that cause disease. Salutogenesis is an alternative medicine concept that focuses on factors that support human health and well-being rather than on factors that cause disease.alternative medicinehealthwell-beingalternative medicinehealthwell-being

15. Salutogenesis Aaron Antonovsky was able to show that relatively unstressed people had much more resistance to illness than those who were more stressed. Aaron Antonovsky was able to show that relatively unstressed people had much more resistance to illness than those who were more stressed. Antonovsky argued that the experience of well-being constitutes a Sense of Coherence. Antonovsky argued that the experience of well-being constitutes a Sense of Coherence. Though modern medicine has increasingly come to ask about the origin of illness, Antonovsky suggested that an equally important question to pose is: "what is the origin of health?" Though modern medicine has increasingly come to ask about the origin of illness, Antonovsky suggested that an equally important question to pose is: "what is the origin of health?"

16. Salutogensis vs. Pathogenesis

17. Sense of Coherence (SOC) The heart of Salutogenesis “Global construct that expresses the extent to which one has a pervasive (all-encompassing), enduring (long-lasting) though dynamic feeling of confidence that one’s internal and external environments are predictable and that there is a high probability that things will work out as well as can be expected” (Antonovsky, 1979)

18. Coherence Consistency, Consistency, Unity, Unity, Rationality Rationality

19. Sense of Coherence SOC is the result the collective effect of resources and processes conducive to health. SOC is the result the collective effect of resources and processes conducive to health. Within the Salutogenic orientation, there is a direct relationship between the strength of the SOC and the person's ability to employ cognitive, affective (emotional) and instrumental strategies likely to improve coping, and thereby well-being. Within the Salutogenic orientation, there is a direct relationship between the strength of the SOC and the person's ability to employ cognitive, affective (emotional) and instrumental strategies likely to improve coping, and thereby well-being.

20. SOC increases through the life span and it has strong positive correlations to perceived health, mental health, and quality of life. SOC increases through the life span and it has strong positive correlations to perceived health, mental health, and quality of life.

21. Sense of Coherence (SOC) Cognitive and Emotional Appraisal  Your world is understandable (Comprehensible)  Your world is manageable (Manageability)  Your world has meaning (Meaningfulness)

22. Comprehensibility The conceptual perception of the world being understandable, meaningful, orderly and consistent rather than chaotic, random and unpredictable. The conceptual perception of the world being understandable, meaningful, orderly and consistent rather than chaotic, random and unpredictable. This means that whatever happens to a person, he/she is able to make sense of it and understand it. This means that whatever happens to a person, he/she is able to make sense of it and understand it. The person believes that he or she is able to influence the course of events. The person believes that he or she is able to influence the course of events.

23. Manageability The recognition of the resources required to meet the demands and a willingness to search them out. The recognition of the resources required to meet the demands and a willingness to search them out. This means that either the resources are available to you to meet the demands presented by the challenges or you have the way to find them. This means that either the resources are available to you to meet the demands presented by the challenges or you have the way to find them. Based on the individual's expectation that it is normal and beneficial for life to change Based on the individual's expectation that it is normal and beneficial for life to change

24. Meaningfulness The profound emotive experience of life as making sense and thus coping being desirable. The profound emotive experience of life as making sense and thus coping being desirable. This involves having a sense of meaning in the important areas of one’s life or recognizing “these demands are challenges, worthy of investment and engagement.” This involves having a sense of meaning in the important areas of one’s life or recognizing “these demands are challenges, worthy of investment and engagement.” Embracing a curiosity and sense of meaningfulness for life. Embracing a curiosity and sense of meaningfulness for life.

25. Components of Meaning Purpose Purpose Goals Goals Future fulfillment Future fulfillment Values Values Justify course of action Justify course of action Moral decision making Moral decision making Efficacy Efficacy You can make a difference Self worth Self worth Skills Belonging to groups you value

26. Stressors May be Either Positive or Negative Eustress: positive experiences that promote well-being Eustress: positive experiences that promote well-being Distress: those experiences that cause some type of harm Distress: those experiences that cause some type of harm Stressors are always present; salutogenesis is concerned with the type, amount, and coping resources of the individual Stressors are always present; salutogenesis is concerned with the type, amount, and coping resources of the individual

27. Why do some manage to avoid illness and do well even when subjected to extreme stressors?

28. Outcomes of a Salutogenic Focus? Positive family and community experiences Positive family and community experiences Individual commitment to growth and effort Individual commitment to growth and effort

29. What do You See?

30. . Graphic courtesy of: David Gobble, PhD, CHES, Director and Professor, Fisher Institute for Wellness and Gerontology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306

33. Health is inextricably linked to educational achievements, quality of life, and economic productivity. By acquiring health related knowledge, values, skills and practices; children can be empowered to pursue a healthy life and to work as agents of change for the health of their community. Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima Ex Director General WHO

34. Indicators of Movement toward Salutogenesis Persistent presence of a support network Persistent presence of a support network Chronic positive expectations; tendency to frame events in a constructive light Chronic positive expectations; tendency to frame events in a constructive light Tendency to adapt to changing conditions Tendency to adapt to changing conditions Rapid response/recovery due to repeated challenges Rapid response/recovery due to repeated challenges

35. Indicators of Movement toward Salutogenesis Increased appetite for physical activity Increased appetite for physical activity Episodic peak experiences Episodic peak experiences Sense of spiritual involvement Sense of spiritual involvement Increased sensitivity Increased sensitivity

36. Indicators of Movement toward Salutogenesis Tendency to identify and communicate feelings Tendency to identify and communicate feelings Repeated episodes of gratitude, generosity and related emotions Repeated episodes of gratitude, generosity and related emotions Compulsion to contribute to society Compulsion to contribute to society Persistent sense of humor Persistent sense of humor

37. Can you think of relationship? Ayurveda & Health ….. Health promotion Ayurveda & Health ….. Health promotion Traditional methods …Traditional spa & Health…..Health Promotion Traditional methods …Traditional spa & Health…..Health Promotion What are the principles…. What are the principles….

38. Salutogenesis & Health Promotion Linkages….?