1. Basic Navigation Lecture 4 ACP32 Vol2

2. Basic Navigation  By the end of this lecture you should know:  How to measure distance  How to Contour

3. Measuring Distance  There are 2 ways to measure distance  Pacing – counting your steps.  Timing – how long it takes to reach features.

4. Pacing  Used for measuring accurate and short distances.  Count every other pace, i.e. Every time your right foot hits the ground.  Practise and work out how many of your own steps equals a known distance. E.g.. My paces (counting my right leg) are 4ft approx. If I count 320 paces I will travel half a mile.

5. Timing  Timing is used for longer distances and when you may accidentally walk past your objective.  If the distance to the objective is known and you know your travelling speed you can state when you will reach an objective.  E.g. You walk at 3mph and the objective is 3 miles away, you will reach the objective in an hour.  E.g. You walk at 3mph and the objective is 1 mile away, how long will it take to reach the objective?  20 minutes

6. Timing  Walking uphill is more difficult and will take longer. You must allow for this in your timing.  A British Climber call Naismith devised a rule back in 1892 which we can use.  Naismith’s rule:  Naismith’s rule: Allow 1 hour for every 3 miles(5 km) forward, plus ½ hour for every 1000 feet(300 metres) climbed.  E.g. you travel along an uphill path for 6 miles and climb 500ft. How long will it take  E.g. you travel along an uphill path for 6 miles and climb 500ft. How long will it take?  2 hours and 15mintues.  When going down a steep hill add on 10minutes for every 200m descended.

7. Timing  However you time your journey you must take account of several things.  Fitness: your group can only travel as fast as the slowest member, do not let them trail behind and maintain a comfortable pace.  Terrain: uneven ground, marsh and slopes takes longer to cross than flat ground. Make an allowance.  Load: a heavy rucksack will slow you down. You might only travel at 1-2 mph instead of 3mph.s

8. Contouring  Much easier than going over some large inclines.  Maintain your height and walk around the obstacle.  E.g to walk over this hill would take an extra 45 minutes and require greater effort. By contouring around no climbing is necessary and less time is spent on the obstacle.