1. General Characteristics of Romantic Music Dynamics extended, changes more frequently, less predictable Range of tempos extended, more frequent, more adjectives Melodies are longer, “yearning” quality, rubato Harmony explores further, modulations, chromatic Forms blur

2. Franz Schubert Song, Die Forelle (The Trout), 1817 Equality of melody and accompaniment Atmosphere Rippling “voice” Modified strophic form

3. Fryderyk Chopin Prelude in E minor, Op. 28, for Piano Modelled on Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier ABA’ form Static melody with steady chords constantly descending Neighbour tones

4. Schumann, Traumerei from Kinderscenen Op. 15 Single accompanied melody ABA structure Character piece Dreamy atmosphere Melody characteristics

5. Liszt, Transcendental Etude No. 10 in F Minor Fifteen years old Demanding, virtuosic Unusual harmonies Surging

6. Giuseppe Verdi, Otello (1867) Tragic opera, based on Shakespeare’s play Highly lyrical Human drama, emotionalism, and realism Reference motives Italian nationalism

7. Johannes Brahms Fourth Movement from Symphony No. 4 in E minor (1885) Passacaglia Harmonic and melodic variation Unchanging length of variations B Section has slower tempo and new meter

8. Pucinni, Madame Butterfuly, “ Un bel di ” Highly lyrical Melodic doubling, tripling Fresh harmonies Blurring of recitative and aria Story Da Capo aria

9. Mahler, Symphony No. 2, Fourth Movement Programmatic (Spiritual journey) Yearning sense Large scale design Beethoven’s 5th and 9th Symphonies

10. Richard Wagner Prelude and Liebestod from Tristan und Isolde LeitmotifLeitmotif Dynamic arch formDynamic arch form NazismNazism Music dramaMusic drama ChromaticismChromaticism “Yearning”“Yearning” BayreuthBayreuth Cadential blurringCadential blurring TranscendentalTranscendental bliss bliss

11. Bedrich Smetana (1824-1884) Symphonic Poem, The Moldau Tone poem Descriptive, programmatic music Nature Cyclic Orchestral colour expanded

12. Pyotr Illyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) First Movement from Symphony No. 4 in F Minor Tone poem Descriptive, programmatic music Nature Cyclic Orchestral colour expanded

13. Claude Debussy (1862-1918) Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune Impressionism Symbolist poet Mallarmé Large orchestra Orchestral colouring Opening melody is sensuous, chromatic and vague