1. Linguistic Variation Social distinctions influence both the production of speech and its evaluation by community members

2. Speech Communities Styles of speaking Variations of standards Different use of lexicon, grammar Acceptable for a particular community

3. Differences: Gender Age Class: social stratification Race Ethnicity Etc.

4. Social stratification: is the hierarchical structuring of groups within a society based on inequality among the population

5. Two linguistic concepts Class: large scale social and political structures based on conflict and division Linguistic Network: interpersonal level of of social organization. Held together by consensus

6. Chronique Urbaine (Urban Chronicle) By Yanick Letourneau Hip hop artist (Urban Franco Hip Hop) Artist: Kamenga Mbikay (Pressureless)

7. Themes to consider Race and language Ethnicity and language Class and language Language and power Bilingualism

8. Discussion Questions Can Urban Franco Hip Hop music be considered part of a linguistic network? Is this type of music, in the context of Montreal, articulated in terms of race, ethnicity or age?

9. Why do you think our protagonists were having a hard time marketing their music in Quebec? Was race, ethnicity or age a factor?

10. Do you think that hip-hop music can be considered a marker of personal or group identity? Why? How?

11. Are power relations evident in the story? How is power related to language?