1. Mitigation and Impact management
Mitigation is a stage of the EIA when measures are identified to avoid, minimize or remedy impacts.
Necessary adjustments to respond to unforeseen impacts
Both are part of process of impact

2. Objectives of mitigation
Find better alternatives and ways of doing things
Enhance the environmental and social benefits of a proposal
Avoid, minimize or remedy adverse impacts
Ensure that residual adverse impacts are kept within acceptable levels

3. Objectives of impact management
Ensure that mitigation measures are implemented
Establish systems and procedures for this purpose
Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures
Take action when unforeseen impacts occur

4. Principles of mitigation
Give preference to avoid and prevent measures
Consider feasible alternatives to the proposal
Identify customized measures to minimize each major impact
Ensure they are appropriate and cost-effective
Use compensation as a last resort

5. Impact avoidance can be achieved by
Not undertaking certain projects or elements of project
Avoiding environmentally sensitive areas
Use of measures to prevent impacts from occurring

6. To achieve impact minimization
Scaling down or relocating the proposal
Redesigning elements of the project
Measures to manage the impacts

7. Impact compensation can be achieved by
Rehabilitation of resource or environmental components
Restoration of the site to its previous state
Replacement of the environmental\values lost at another location

8. Mitigation Options
Develop alternatives that are better environmentally
Make changes in planning and design
Carry out impact monitoring and management
Compensate for residual impacts
(Monetary payment, resettlement plans,…)

9. Environmental management plan contents
Summary of impacts
Recommended mitigation measures
Statement of compliance with standards
Allocation of resources and responsibilities
Schedule of required actions
Surveillance,\monitoring and auditing programmes
Contingency measures for greater than expected impacts

10. EIA Reporting
EIA report or statement is a keystone document. It assembles the information that assists:
The proponent in managing the impacts of the proposal
The responsible authority in decision-making
The public in understanding the likely impacts of the proposal

11. To meet these needs the EIS should be
Actionable – by the proponent
Decision-relevant – to the responsible authority
User-friendly – for the public

12. Main elements of an EIA report
Executive summary
Need for and aims of the proposal
Description of proposal and alternatives
Description of affected environment and community
Public consultation and views
Main impacts and their mitigation
Evaluation of significant residual impacts
Environmental management plan

13. Some common shortcomings of EISs
Objectives of proposal described too narrowly
Description does not cover complete activity
Alternatives do not account for the environment
Key problems not described
Sensitive elements in environment overlooked
Relevant standards and legislation not described

14. Typical EI Report in Sudan
Executive summary
Abbreviation and acronyms
Introduction
Project description
Environmental Institutional and legislative framework
Environmental and social baseline
Expected impacts
EMP
EM programme
Bibliography
Appendices and attachments

15. Implementation and Follow up