1. Les Les Robertson LCG Project Leader High Energy Physics using a worldwide computing grid Torino December 2005

2. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG CERN is the world's largest particle physics centre Supported by 20 European countries Particle physics is about: -elementary particles, the constituents all matter in the Universe is made of -fundamental forces which hold matter together Particles physics requires: -special tools to create and study new particles What is CERN?

3. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG Physicists smash particles into each other to: - identify their components - create new particles - reveal the nature of the interactions between them - recreate the environment present at the origin of our Universe (big bang) What for? To answer fundamental questions like: How did the Universe begin? What is the origin of mass? What is the nature of antimatter? What is CERN?

4. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG What is CERN? The special tools for particle physics are: ACCELERATORS, huge machines able to speed up particles to very high energies before colliding them into other particles DETECTORS, massive instruments which register the particles produced when the accelerated particles collide COMPUTING, to re-construct the collisions, to extract the physics data and perform the analysis

5. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG Mont Blanc, 4810 m Downtown Geneva The CERN Site ATLAS CERN sites ALICE LHCb CMS

6. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG ATLAS, one of the four LHC experiments As tall as our main building ! ATLAS has 150 million measurement channels

7. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG Beginning the construction of ATLAS

8. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG The accelerator generates 40 million particle collisions (events) every second at the centre of each of the four experiments’ detectors The LHC Accelerator

9. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG LHC DATA This is reduced by online computers that filter out a few hundred “good” events per sec. Which are recorded on disk and magnetic tape at 100-1,000 MegaBytes/sec ~15 PetaBytes per year for all four experiments

10. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG Resources for LHC Data Handling 15 PetaBytes of new data each year CMS LHCb ATLAS ALICE 1 Petabyte (1PB) = 1000TB 10 times the text content of the World Wide Web 100,000 of today’s fastest processors

11. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG High Energy Physics: a global community 1800 physicists (including 400 students) 150 universities/laboratories 34 countries.

12. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG

13. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG Italy and Russia in EGEE/LCG Italian grid Moscow Region sites  JINR, Dubna  Moscow State University  Keldysh Institute for Applied Mathematics  Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology  Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics  Institute for Nuclear Research  IHEP, Protvino  Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Research  Geophysical Center  Keldysh Institute for Applied Mathematics  Kurchatov Institute Torino

14. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG regional group LHC Grid physics group les.robertson@cern.ch Tier2 Lab a Uni a Lab m Lab b Uni y Uni x Tier3 physics department    Desktop Germany Taiwan UK France Italy USA Netherlands Nordic Tier-1 CERN Tier 0 Spain Canada Uni b physics group Lab c Uni n

15. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG INFN + LHC  EGEE Grid High Energy Physics  a new computing infrastructure for science  1999 – INFN Grid  Feeds early experience into discussions of how to organise distributed computing for LHC  2000 – growing interest in grid technology  HEP community main driver in launching the DataGrid project  2001-2004 - EU DataGrid project  middleware & testbed for an operational grid  2002-2005 – LHC Computing Grid – LCG  deploying the results of DataGrid to provide a production facility for LHC experiments  2004-2006 – EU EGEE project phase 1  starts from the LCG grid  shared production infrastructure  expanding to other communities and sciences CERN

16. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Enabling Grids for E-SciencE EU supported project Develop and operate a multi-science grid Assist scientific communities to embrace grid technology First phase concentrated on operations and technology Second phase (2006-08) Emphasis on extending the scientific, geographical and industrial scope  world-wide Grid infrastructure  international collaboration  In phase 2 will have > 90 partners in 32 countries (incl. USA, Korea and Taiwan)

17. Enabling Grids for E-sciencE INFSO-RI-508833 Applications >20 applications from 7 domains –High Energy Physics –Biomedicine –Earth Sciences –Computational Chemistry –Astronomy –Geo-Physics –Financial Simulation Another 8 applications from 4 domains are in evaluation stage

18. last update 29/11/2015 05:24 LCG Summary  High Energy Physics at the Large Hadron Collider  Enormous computational and storage needs  But established global scientific collaborations  Ideal application for emerging grid technology  Symbiosis  HEP led the early efforts to set up a working grid environment (with INFN one of the original leaders in this)  EU has provided the catalyst to enable the experience and the enthusiasm to be transferred to other sciences  the grid is the tool – the end is the science  Current Status  Operational grid - ~180 sites - 20 application groups  Next steps  New communities  a global infrastructure for science  Improved usability  capacity  1 million jobs/day before the LHC accelerator comes online in two years