1. Bellwork: Copy the bolded words and your answer choice
The concept of gene flow is demonstrated when a cow is driven off from its herd, joins another herd, and reproduces. When the cow contributes to the gene pool of the new herd, which of these most likely increases?
Natural selection
Genetic variation
Environmental fitness
Reproductive mutations

2. Science Fact of the Day: The Giant Kelp algae (Macrocystis pyrifera) is the fastest growing organism on earth and can grow at a rate of 70cm (two feet) a day.

3. Science Fact of the Day: Rafflesia Arnoldii is the largest flower in world, and can grow as big as an umbrella.

4. Evidence of Evolution
Homologies
Fossil Record
Biogeography
Anatomical
Molecular
Embryonic

5. Fossil Record Fossil: The evidence in rock of the presence of a plant or an animal from an earlier geological period *further down = older (usually) *carbon dating can help determine age *transitional fossils can show evolutionary changes *incomplete

6. Types of Fossils

7. How Fossils form

9. The picture to the right shows a series of major Biological Events that have taken place over the last 488 Million Years!
Biologists were able to piece these events together based on evidence collected from fossils.
Take notice of the extinctions. What happened immediately after each one?

10. Carbon Dating is a method widely used to date fossils to find out where they lie on the evolutionary timeline.
Take a look at the graph. It shows how the percent of carbon-14 remaining in a sample indicates the age of the sample.
What would the age of a bone be if it contained only 10% of Carbon-14?
What percent of Carbon-14 would you expect to find in a sample that is 7580 years old?

11. According to the table, if ¼ of the original radioactive carbon is present in a fossil, what is the fossil’s age?
Which Isotope would be best for measuring the age of a rock layer estimated to be about one million years old?

12. Homework tonight: Cladograms by Bozeman Science
Cornell Notes plus you MUST draw the cladogram

13. Cladograms = diagrams that we use to show phylogenies A phylogeny = evolutionary history *show relationships *use evidences of evolution *can be changed with new data

14. How do you build a cladogram?

15. Step 1: Create a table listing all the characteristics of the organisms
Hair
Bipedal
Tail
Foot flexibility
Written Language
Human
Ape
Mouse
Monkey

16. Step 2: put an X in the boxes that have the trait (for each organism)
Hair
Bipedal
Tail
Foot Flexibility
Written Language
Human X
Ape
Mouse
Monkey

17. Step 3: count up the Xs. The more Xs the older the trait.
Hair
Bipedal
Tail
Foot Flexibility
Written Language
Human X
Ape
Mouse
Monkey
Total 4 3 2 1

18. Step 4: Draw a diagonal line to represent time
Step 4: Draw a diagonal line to represent time. Each point will represent a common ancestor. Each branch is a new species. Traits are written on the main line.
Mouse
hair

19. Step 5: Continue until the cladogram is complete
Ape
Human
Monkey
Written language
Mouse
Tail
bipedal
hair

20. You try… Characteristic Sponge Jellyfish Flatworm Earthworm
Cells with flagella X
Body Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
Segmented body