1. News http://www.dailyfueleconomytip.com/creative-ideas/gps- systems-can-cut-your-carbon-footprint-and-your- commute/http://www.dailyfueleconomytip.com/creative-ideas/gps- systems-can-cut-your-carbon-footprint-and-your- commute/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8302161.stm http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/coal-plants- dump-thousands-gallons-waste-drinking-water- day.php?dcitc=th_rsshttp://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/coal-plants- dump-thousands-gallons-waste-drinking-water- day.php?dcitc=th_rss http://rawstory.com/2009/10/bush-administration- covered-up-epa-global-warming-finding-email-reveals/http://rawstory.com/2009/10/bush-administration- covered-up-epa-global-warming-finding-email-reveals/ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/15/business/energy- environment/15degrees.html?_r=2&hphttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/15/business/energy- environment/15degrees.html?_r=2&hp http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2009/10/1 5/mass_waterway_members_resign_over_safety_issues /http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2009/10/1 5/mass_waterway_members_resign_over_safety_issues /

2. Observations Earth is 71% under water Mountain ranges are long lines Mid-Ocean ridges are long arcs Trenches Seamounts Flat portions of the earth –Continental shelves –Ocean bottom

3. Hypsographic Curve 2005-07-01 13:46 Zyzzy 1040×530× (40680 bytes) Earth's hypsography {{cc-by- 2.0}}Zyzzy

4. Plate Tectonics Two types of crust –Oceanic –Continental Convective Mantle (plates move) –Magnetic Anomalies –Hot Spots Plate Boundaries –Convergent –Divergent –Transform

5. Plate Tectonics Is Responsible Drawing modified from Montgomery: Environmental Geology; © 2002, McGraw Hill Image courtesy of United States Geological Survey

6. Geologic Processes: Structure of the Earth Fig. 4-7 p. 60 Image courtesy of Wikipedia under Creative Commons licenseWikipedia

7. Plate Tectonics  Divergent boundary  Convergent boundary  Subduction zone  Transform fault Refer to Fig. 16-3 p. 334 Fig. 16-5 p. 336 Image courtesy of United States Geological Survey

9. Convergent Plate Boundaries Continent-Ocean Fig. 16-2 p. 333 Image courtesy of WikipediaWikipedia

10. Convergent: Ocean-Ocean Image courtesy of WikipediaWikipedia

11. Convergent: Continent-Continent Image courtesy of WikipediaWikipedia

12. Transform Fault Image courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey

13. Transform Fault Image courtesy of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University

14. Earth’s Major Tectonic Plates Fig. 16-4, p. 335 Source: USGS

16. Ring of Fire

17. Hot Spot Volcanoes Image courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey

18. Earth’s Major Tectonic Plates Fig. 16-4, p. 335 Image courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey

19. Hydrothermal Vents Image courtesy of U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

20. White clam Magma Black smoker Sulfide deposit White crab Tube worms White smoker Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

21. Hydrothermal Vents Image courtesy of U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

22. External Earth Processes  Erosion  Mechanical weathering  Frost wedging  Chemical weathering  Biological weathering

23. Natural Hazards: Volcanic Eruptions Fig. 16-8 p. 338 Image courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey

24. Minerals and Rocks  Mineral (diamond, quartz) Rock Types  Igneous (granite, basalt)  Sedimentary (limestone, sandstone)  Metamorphic (marble, slate)

25. Fig. 16-9 p. 339 Igneous Rock Granite, Pumice, Basalt Sedimentary Rock Shale, Sandstone, Limestone Metamorphic Rock Slate, Quartzite, Marble Magma (Molten Rock) Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition Heat, Pressure Heat, Pressure Heat, Pressure Heat, Pressure Rock Cycle

26. Supplies of Mineral Resources  Economic depletion  Depletion time  Foreign sources  Economics  Environmental concerns  Mining the ocean  Finding substitutes Fig. 16-16 p. 346  New technologies Images removed due to copyright restrictions.