1. By: Megan Burks

3. According to the American Lung Association smoking-related diseases claim an estimated 443,000 Americans lives each year. Cigarettes are harmful because they contain over 4,800 chemicals.

5. The artist does not include the cigarette in the picture. This allows the viewer not to draw conclusions about the brand or type of cigarette they have smoked. Thus allowing us to conclude that not one specific brand of cigarettes is worse than another and it applies to all smokers.

7. The red lips represent what most women would consider beautiful but the black hole in the lips represent death and how in a sense smoking is killing yourself.

9. Without the distortion of the lips the visual has no purpose at all. The meaning is completely altered to almost look like it promotes a certain makeup brand or lipstick.

11. The audience is smokers or potential smokers. Potential smokers may include teenagers who are almost of age to purchase cigarettes. This visual also focuses on females because of the use of the bright red lipstick.

13. The visual is meant to scare the audience. The whole in the lips represents where the cigarette normally would be placed and no one would want their face to look like that. It also shows a sense of disgust so you will not want to be around people who smoke.

15. This includes logical appeal because even if you have smoked for many years or you smoke very frequently there is no chance that a hole will ever form in your lips. The exaggeration helps emphasize the purpose.

17. The ethical appeal is not evident in the photo itself but from research on the website the picture came from a well known and credible website.