1. Predicted Savings for NW Energy Star for Homes and WA BuiltGreen Homes Specification Update Single Family New Construction Regional Technical Forum August 25 th, 2010 Ben Larson, Ecotope Inc. ben@ecotope.com Anne Brink, Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance abrink@nwalliance.org

2. Goal Approval of deemed savings for revised NW EnergyStar for Homes and WA BuiltGreen Programs Presentation in two parts: (1)EnergyStar for Washington, Idaho, and Montana (2) BuiltGreen for Washington

3. Analysis Approach End uses under consideration form a house package: – Heating, Cooling, Ventilation, Lighting, Water Heating Space heating and cooling use calculated with SEEM using 6 th Plan weightings for prototype size and climate zones. – Savings calculated for all 9 climate zone combinations but not all always apply in each state – Ventilation specs required adjustments to SEEM infiltration and then side engineering calculations to determine energy use Lighting use calculated based on LPD and 1.5hr/day average on time DHW savings based on existing RTF deemed measures for EF upgrades and shower fixture flow reductions Costs taken from 6 th Plan and existing RTF measures

4. EnergyStar for Homes EPA has recently revised the national specification. Now “version 3.” – Effective January 1, 2011 for ID, WA, MT. WA energy code has also recently been updated. – Effective date: January 1, 2011 NW EnergyStar Homes (NWESH) target energy performance 15% better than code – National spec not good enough to meet performance targets in WA – NWESH revising WA Builder Option Packages (BOPs) to stay ahead of code. – OR BOPs were recently revised to stay ahead of 2008 OR code. (not discussed further in this presentation) – ID and MT programs will go to national envelope spec while retaining existing NW approach to heat pump commissioning, duct testing, water heating and heat pump HSPF.

5. Builder Option Packages (BOPs) BOP1 covers gas furnaces and heat pumps (ducted) BOP2 covers zonal, electric resistance heat – EnergyStar requires resistance heat houses to meet or exceed performance of heat pump houses BOPs include domestic hot water system – In this analysis, when space heat source is gas, a gas water heater is used. When space heat source is electric (HP or resistance) an electric water heater is used.

6. WA Code 2009 Baseline WA 2009 Code compliance met through the choice of several options. (Table 9-1 in code) For this analysis, the HVAC efficiency upgrade (option 1) was selected for the forced air paths. For the zonal resistance path, improved shell and efficient water heating were chosen (options 3a and 5a). – These then sets the performance target that the EnergyStar homes beat by 15%. – This also effects the total package incremental cost because the options selected are now in the baseline If the house uses other code compliance options, savings will be greater than those in this analysis

7. WA BOPs 1 & 2 BOP1 requires one of three additional measures: Env - Envelope upgrade to R-21 Std + R5 foam wall & U-0.25, SHGC≥0.30 windows Duc - Ducts inside DHW - DHW equipment to 0.82 EF gas or 2.0 EF electric, furnace to 94AFUE WA 2009 CodeNat’l EStarWA BOP1 WABOP2 HVAC Equipment Forced Air PathZonal Resistance EStar HP efficiency varies by IECC Climate Zonal Resistance Furnace AFUE92 Zonal Electric Resistance 9092 Zonal Electric Resistance Heat Pump HSPF / SEER8.5 / 13 8.5/14.5 or 9.25/14.58.5/14.5 or 9.0/14.5 EnvelopeAll envelope measures can be met with equivalent UA CeilingR-38 RH R49 RHR-60 RH WallR-21 R-21 AdvR21 AdvR-21 Std + R5 Foam FloorR-30R-38 RHR-30 R-38 Slab2ft - R-10R-10 Full2ft - R-10R-10 Full WindowU-0.32U-0.28U-0.30 U-0.30 SHGC ≥0.35 U-0.22 SHGC ≥0.35 Glazing %16.6% 15%≤ 21% Infiltration and VentilationASHRAE Std 62.2 Compliant Blower Door Test6ACH50 4ACH50 2.5 ACH 50 Mechanical VentilationFurnace FanPt SourceFurnace Fan Pt Source <0.5W/cfm HRV 70% Recovery DHW Gas EF0.59----0.590.62---- Elec EF0.90.930.90.93 Low Flow Fixtures----x xx DuctsSealedNone permittedSealed None permitted Lights: % CFLs, LPD (W/ft 2 )50%, 1.1 80%, 0.72 100%, 0.6

8. WA BOP Spec Details Low flow fixtures: – 1.75gpm showers and kitchen sinks, 1.0gpm lavs. – Savings only claimed for 2 showerheads per RTF 2/2010 Water heater EF ratings for upgraded DHW: – Savings per RTF for resistance tank upgrades: – HPWH specified at 2.0 EF but modeled at 1.5 EF. HPWH will be installed in garages. T ave in garage lower than EF rating point so we expect lower performance. 1.5 EF meant to be a conservative estimate. Actual performance may be better or worse. Ventilation: – Base case assumes furnace blower with intentional return leak used 8 hrs/day – BOP specifies high efficiency (<0.5 W/cfm) exhaust fan on timer operating one out of every two hours (ASHRAE 62.2 compliant)

9. Envelope and Ventilation Cost Inputs Increment LevelBase Level $/ft 2 component area or $/item Source Envelope R-49 RH Ceiling InsulationR-38 RH or R-49 Std$0.396th Plan Appendix G R-60 RH Ceiling InsulationR-38 RH or R-49 Std$0.396th Plan Appendix G R-21 Adv Frame WallR-21 Std$0.156th Plan Appendix G R-21 Std Wall + R5 Foam SheathingR-21 Std$0.876th Plan Appendix G R-38 FloorR-30$0.416th Plan Appendix G Slab R-10 FullR-10 2' perim$0.816th Plan Appendix G Window U-0.30U-0.32$0.00competitive as base window Window U-0.25U-0.32$2.006th Plan Appendix G Window U-0.22, SHGC>=0.35U-0.32$2.50 RTF Meeting June 2, 2009. Atrium windows. Air Sealing & Ventilation Infiltration to 4 ACH50WA w/BD$295 ResWXSF_FY10v2_1.xls, at $.18/ft^2 per 1ACH50 reduction. Then applied to baseline housing stock characteristics. Infiltration to 4 ACH50 w/ Blower Door TestID+MT$704 ResWXSF_FY10v2_1.xls, at $.18/ft^2 per 1ACH50 reduction. Then applied to baseline housing stock characteristics. Pt Source Exhaust Fan <0.5W/cfm Exhaust Fan 0.9 W/cfm $50 Supplier catalog survey 2009 to get WhisperGreen over CSJ ERVNone$0.5 6th Plan Appendix G. $.5/ft^2 to get 0.2 ACH w/HRV

10. DHW, HVAC, and Lighting Cost Inputs Increment LevelBase Level $/ft 2 component area or $/item Source Domestic Hot Water Gas Water Heater 0.62 EF0.59 EF$175 ACEEE Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings. November 2007. Effhttp://www.aceee.org/consumerguide /waterheating.htm Elec Water Heater 0.93 EF0.9 EF$696th Plan Appendix G Table G-14 Gas Water Heater 0.82 EF0.59 EF$700 Current bid prices from Renai and Takagi (ETO RA 2010). BC Hydro has $700, ACEEE has $750. Heat Pump Water Heater 2 EF0.9 EF$800 6th Plan Appendix G. Incremental cost over EF 0.9 tank. Table G-14 Low Flow FixturesFed Std$0 No incremental cost to get low flow fixtures over code levels HVAC System Ducts Inside $350 6th Plan Appendix G. Incremental cost to place inside. PTCS Heat Pump CxNone$300RTF August 2010 Mtg Furnace Upgrade to 90AFUE80 AFUE$300ETO Resource Assessment 2010 Heat Pump Sizing $300RTF August 2010 Mtg Heat Pump HSPF Upgrade to 9.07.7 HSPF$1,600RTF August 2010 Mtg Heat Pump HSPF Upgrade to 9.08.5 HSPF$150RTF August 2010 Mtg Lighting CFLs - 80%50%$0.06 6th Plan Appendix G. $/ft^2. Incremental from 50% to 80%. CFLS - 100%50%$0.126th Plan Appendix G. $/ft^2

11. Package Cost Summary Energy Star Gas HeatHeat Pump WA BOP1 Envelope $ 3,468 $ 3,961 WA BOP1 Ducts Inside $ 1,401 $ 1,894 WA BOP1 DHW $ 1,576 $ 2,276 WA BOP1 Average $ 1,884 $ 2,384 ID & MT EnergyStar $ 2,059 $ 3,553 Zonal Resistance WA BOP2 $ 4,697 BG3 Star Window $ 865 BG3 Star Ceiling $ 728 BG3 Star Wall $ 2,025 BG3 Star Average $ 872 BG4 Star $ 3,243 BG5 Star $ 4,340 BuiltGreen Gas HeatHeat Pump 3 Star $ 363 $ 256 4 Star same as WA BOP1 5 Star Wall $ 3,440 $ 3,934 5 Star Window $ 2,083 $ 2,577 5 Star Average $ 2,355 $ 2,848

12. WA BOP Savings Sources BOP1 Gas House (most measures are heating or dhw but some electric savings sources exist): – Lights: LPD 1.1  0.72 W/ft 2 – Ventilation system changed from furnace blower to point-source exhaust Extra blower runtime for ventilation use decreases as heat load (and run time) increases so savings decrease for this in colder climates BOP1 Heat Pump House: – LPD 1.1  0.72 W/ft 2 – Ventilation system changed from furnace blower to point-source exhaust – Heat load reduction from decreased UA – DHW use reduction from low flow fixtures and higher EF

13. WA BOP1 Compliance Options BOP1 has three compliance options: envelope upgrades, interior ducts, or DHW tank upgrades Each produce a generally similar level of savings (by design) but costs vary between options especially regarding the envelope. A possibility of creating a weighted average of the options exists but we have to estimate distribution of each option. – Advantages: simplifies entries in PTR and deems single BOP1 # – Weights used in “BOP1 ave” on next 2 graphs Decision: approve weighting approach, modify or discard? Gas HeatHeat Pump Envelope0.2 Ducts0.40.6 DHW0.40.2

16. BOP2 houses have no cooling system so savings calculated for heating zones only Savings Sources: – LPD 1.1  0.6 W/ft 2 – Heat load reduction from decreased UA (both insulation and infiltration improvements). Substantial because EnergyStar target is performance equivalent to WA Code heat pump house but these savings are for WA Code zonal electric house. – No DHW savings because this is assumed in the base case for code compliance (WA Code 2009 Option 5a).

17. ID & MT EnergyStar Specs – ID and MT programs build on the national spec to include: DHW improvements and retain PTCS heat pump commissioning, duct testing, and NW heat pump HSPF. – National spec starts glazing at 15%. If % increases, reductions in window U-value are required. IECC 2009 Z5 + Z6Adjusted Nat’l EStar HVAC Equipment Furnace AFUE80 AFUE90 AFUE Heat Pump HSPF / SEER7.7 / 139.0/14.5 Envelope CeilingR-38 or R-49R-38 RH WallR-20R-21 Adv FloorR-30 SlabR-10, 2-ft or 4-ft2ft - R-10 WindowU-0.35U-0.30 Glazing %16.6%15% Infiltration and Ventilation Blower Door Test---4ACH50 Mechanical Ventilation--- ASHRAE Std 62.2 (Pt Source) DHW Gas EF0.590.62 Elec EF0.90.93 Low Flow Fixtures---- DuctsSealed Lights: % CFLs, LPD (W/ft 2 )50%, 1.180%, 0.72

18. ID+MT Energy Star Savings Sources Gas House: – LPD 1.1  0.72 W/ft 2 – Cooling use reduction through higher SEER and better glazing (also lighting interaction benefit) – No ventilation system benefit Heat Pump House: – LPD 1.1  0.72 W/ft 2 – Heat load reduction from decreased UA – DHW use reduction from low flow fixtures and higher EF – Cooling use reduction through higher SEER and better glazing (also lighting interaction benefit) – No ventilation system benefit

21. WA Built GreenSpecs (forced air) Glazing allowed up to 21% of CFA  (3 Star) – State Code Plus: LPD of 0.72 W/ft2 <0.5 W/cfm exhaust fan operating one of every two hours (ASHRAE 62.2 compliant) 0.62 EF gas or 0.93 electric water heater with reduced flow fixtures:  (4 Star) – EnergyStar prescriptive insulation levels, equipment standards, and PTCS requirements but doesn’t require other, non-energy, EnergyStar checklists  (5 Star) – 4 Star / EnergyStar plus: Ducts Inside HVAC Equipment: Furnace AFUE 94, Heat Pump HSPF 9 / SEER 14.5 Windows to U-0.25 -or- Walls to R-21 Adv with R-5 Foam Weights for averaging 5 Star package: Window 0.8 and Wall 0.2 Decision: approve this weighting approach, modify or discard?

22. BuiltGreen Forced Air Savings Sources  (3 Star) – LPD 1.1  0.72 W/ft2 – Cooling-lighting interaction benefit – Ventilation system changed from furnace blower to point-source exhaust – DHW savings through lower flow fixtures and improved tank EF (heat pump house)  (4 Star) - Same as EnergyStar BOP1  (5 Star) – Assumes EnergyStar compliance met through ducts inside path – Additional savings over 4 star level through reduced UA (heating and cooling benefit),reduced blower runtime, and increased HVAC equipment efficiency.

25. WA Built Green Specs (ER zonal) Glazing allowed up to 21% CFA  (3 Star) – State Code Plus: LPD of 0.72 W/ft 2 <0.5 W/cfm exhaust fan operating one of every two hours (ASHRAE 62.2 compliant) 0.93 electric water heater with reduced flow fixtures: – 1.75gpm showers and kitchen sinks, 1.0gpm lavs and EStar dishwasher Window U-0.28 and two of four additional envelope measures: – R-38 Floor / Slab R-10 Full – Ceiling R-60RH – Wall R-21 Intermediate Framing with R-3 sheathing – Window U-0.25, SHGC>0.35  (4 Star), unlike forced air path, not EnergyStar equivalent – 3 Star with all four envelope measures  (5 Star) – 4 Star plus: HRV at 70% efficiency with infiltration to 2.5ACH50 Weights for averaging 3 Star package: Window 0.1, Ceiling 0.8, Wall 0.1 Decision: approve this weighting approach, modify or discard?

26. Built Green Savings Sources (ER zonal)  (3 Star) – LPD 1.1  0.72 W/ft2 – Decreased UA through improved shell – No DHW savings because they are in the base case  (4 Star) – Further decreased UA through improved shell  (5 Star) – Still further decreased UA through improved shell and significant infiltration reduction

27. No cooling system in house so savings calculated for heating zones only

29. Decision – Approve Savings EnergyStar WA BOP1 and BOP2? EnergyStar ID and MT? BuiltGreen WA?