2. US HISTORY Topic: The Columbia Exchange 9/28/15 Essential Question: How did the impact of the Columbian Exchange effect both America and Europe? DO NOW: What do you think will happen when two different cultures encounter one another? For example if an Eskimo from Alaska went to the visit an Indian in Peru.

3. THE AMERICAS, WEST AFRICA, AND EUROPE – SECTION 1 Ancient Cultures arrived about 22,000 years ago via a land bridge Earliest settlers were hunters Agriculture thrived starting about 5,000 years ago Some Natives remained Nomadic Maya, Aztec, and Inca societies flourished

4. NATIVE AMERICAS IN 1400S Native American societies in North America were as varied as the geography The Pueblo (SW) and Iroquois (NE) were two famous tribes Most of the tribes in America had common religious views, trade patterns & values

5. WEST AFRICAN SOCIETIES OF THE 1400S Long established, sophisticated societies existed in Western Africa The Kingdom of Songhai controlled trans-Sahara trade Kingdom of Benin and Kongo were two famous dynasties Village and family bonds formed the basis of life

6. EUROPEAN SOCIETIES OF THE 1400S European villages had a long tradition of social hierarchy – complete with nobles, merchants & peasants Christianity played a critical role – religious leaders had power The Reformation in the early 1500s led to a split in the church Martin Luther

7. EUROPEAN EXPLORATION The countries of Portugal, Spain, France and England explored in the late 1400s for God, Gold, and Glory Improved mapmaking, better sailboats, compasses, astrolabes, Prince Henry– all led to better exploration

8. SPANISH NORTH AMERICA – SECTION 2 Columbus crosses the Atlantic in October of 1492 and lands in San Salvador (“Holy Savior”) He spent about 3 months exploring Islands in the Bahamas Europeans used advanced weapons to force locals into labor: Plantation System Disease devastated Native population

9. IMPACT OF COLUMBUS On Africans- Before slave trade ended in the 1800s, 10 million Africans taken On Europeans- Biggest voluntary migration in world history On Trade- Columbian Exchange meant new goods & products flowed between continents

10. One of history’s great turning points!!

11. Exploration led to an enormous exchange of people, plants, animals, technology and ideas that would change the lives of people in Asia, Europe, the Americas and Africa.

12. Because this global interaction began with Columbus, it is called the Columbian Exchange.

13. Where did the item come from? Did the item come from the “New World” and shipped to the “Old World” or was the item shipped from the “Old World” to the “New World?” You will click on the place of origin.

14. Corn (Maize)

15. That is incorrect, sorry.

16. That is correct!

17. Horses

18. That is incorrect, sorry.

19. You are correct!

20. Avocado

21. That is incorrect, sorry.

22. You are correct!

23. Small pox, measles, typhus

24. That is incorrect, sorry.

25. You are correct!

26. Squash, pumpkin

27. That is incorrect, sorry.

28. You are correct!

29. Cocoa

30. That is incorrect, sorry.

31. You are correct!

32. Pigs and cattle

33. That is incorrect, sorry.

34. You are correct!

35. Christianity

36. That is incorrect, sorry.

37. You are correct!

38. Potatoes, sweet potatoes

39. That is incorrect, sorry.

40. You are correct!

41. Peanuts

42. That is incorrect, sorry.

43. You are correct!

44. Chili peppers

45. That is incorrect, sorry.

46. You are correct!

47. Grapes (wine)

48. That is incorrect, sorry.

49. You are correct!

50. Wheat

51. That is incorrect, sorry.

52. You are correct!

53. Chickens, (eggs)

54. That is incorrect, sorry.

55. You are correct!

56. Tomato

57. That is incorrect, sorry.

58. You are correct!

59. Sugar

60. That is incorrect, sorry.

61. You are correct!

62. Tobacco

63. That is incorrect, sorry.

64. You are correct!

65. Rice

66. That is incorrect, sorry.

67. You are correct!

68. Bananas

69. That is incorrect, sorry.

70. You are correct!

71. Goats and Sheep

72. That is incorrect, sorry.

73. You are correct!

74. Summary— Columbian Exchange— What came from where List 8 things from each “world” on your paper.

75. Imagine Italian food without tomatoes, Mexican food with no rice and bean dish, the Irish without potatoes, chocolate without sugar. Make a list of products or foods that combine things from different continents.

76. Think about the effects of the Columbian Exchange. Were they all positive? How were different groups effected differently?

77. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_history_of_Ameri can_indigenous_peoples Click on this site to answer the question—Why did the population native Americans drastically decline in the decades following European contact? Write a paragraph!

78. What does this painting tell you about the effects of the Columbian Exchange on the European diet? Pieter Aertsen, MARKET WOMAN AT VEGETABLE STAND (1567). Courtesy of WorldArt Kiosk/Kathleen Cohen.

79. http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/SCHWART1.ART http://daphne.palomar.edu/scrout/potato.htm http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/jtomask/471/colexchng.htm Remember, the populations of Europe, Africa and Asia had been devastated by the Black Plague during the Middle Ages. Check out the following web sites and write a paragraph about how the Columbian Exchange effected the “Old World” peoples.

81. Final Assignment: Thematic Essay Write an essay answering the question, “Why is the Columbian Exchange considered one of the largest turning points in history?” Be sure to include an introduction and conclusion. Describe the conditions before the event, the event itself and the effects on both populations (positive and negative). Good Luck.