2. Cell Membrane Transport: Osmosis

3. 8.1 Section Objectives – page 195 Section Objective: Predict the effect of a hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solution on a cell.

4. Section 8.1 Summary – pages 195 - 200 Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis: Diffusion of Water In a cell, water always moves to reach an equal concentration on both sides of the membrane.

5. Section 8.1 Summary – pages 195 - 200 The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis. Osmosis: Diffusion of Water Regulating the water flow through the plasma membrane is an important factor in maintaining homeostasis within a cell.

6. Section 8.1 Summary – pages 195 - 200 Unequal distribution of particles, called a concentration gradient, is one factor that controls osmosis. What controls osmosis? Before Osmosis After Osmosis Water molecule Sugar molecule Selectively permeable membrane

7. Section 8.1 Summary – pages 195 - 200 Most cells whether in multicellular or unicellular organisms, are subject to osmosis because they are surrounded by water solutions. Cells in an isotonic solution H2OH2O H2OH2O Water Molecule Dissolved Molecule

8. Section 8.1 Summary – pages 195 - 200 Cells in an isotonic solution In an isotonic solution, the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell. H2OH2O H2OH2O Water Molecule Dissolved Molecule

9. Section 8.1 Summary – pages 195 - 200 Cells in an isotonic solution In an isotonic solution, water molecules move into and out of the cell at the same rate, and cells retain their normal shape. H2OH2O H2OH2O Water Molecule Dissolved Molecule

10. Section 8.1 Summary – pages 195 - 200 Cells in an isotonic solution A plant cell has its normal shape and pressure in an isotonic solution.

11. Section 8.1 Summary – pages 195 - 200 Cells in a hypotonic solution In a hypotonic solution, water enters a cell by osmosis, causing the cell to swell. H2OH2O H2OH2O Water Molecule Dissolved Molecule

12. Section 8.1 Summary – pages 195 - 200 Cells in a hypotonic solution Plant cells swell beyond their normal size as pressure increases.

13. Section 8.1 Summary – pages 195 - 200 Cells in a hypertonic solution In a hypertonic solution, water leaves a cell by osmosis, causing the cell to shrink. H2OH2O H2OH2O Water Molecule Dissolved Molecule

14. Section 8.1 Summary – pages 195 - 200 Cells in a hypertonic solution Plant cells lose pressure as the plasma membrane shrinks away from the cell wall.