1. Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 6 th Ed. Introductory Chemistry, 6 th Ed. Basic Chemistry, 6 th Ed. by Steven S. Zumdahl & Donald J. DeCoste University of Illinois

2. Chapter 1 An Introduction

3. Section 1-1 Chemistry: An Introduction

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 4 Why Is Chemistry Important? In our daily lives –New materials –New pharmaceuticals –New energy sources –Food supplies –Can you think of others?

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 5 Why Is Chemistry Important? In your education, chemistry helps you: –Learn to gather and organize information qualitative and quantitative –Learn to find patterns in information –Learn to analyze complex systems –Develop skills to predict future events based on patterns of behavior –Develop problem-solving skills systematic approach

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 6 Section 1-2 What is Chemistry?

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 7 What Is Chemistry? The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes these materials undergo The central science –Understanding most other fields of science requires an understanding of chemistry

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 8 Section 1-3 Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 9 Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Define the problem –Gather information –Facts –Observations Propose solutions –Organize information and look for patterns –Form hypotheses

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 10 Evaluate your proposed solutions –Test your patterns by using them to predict what will happen –Develop experiments Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach (cont.)

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 11 Science Process Skills Observing Questioning Hypothesizing Predicting Planning and Investigating Interpreting Communicating

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 12 Observing When observing, learners are: identifying differences and similarities between objects or materials using tools or instruments to extend the range of the senses distinguishing observations relevant to the problem

13. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 13 Questioning When questioning, learners are: readily asking a variety of questions recognizing differences between questions that can and can not be tested

14. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 14 Hypothesizing When hypothesizing, learners are: attempting to give explanations based on prior experiences showing awareness that there may be more than one explanation that fits the evidence

15. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 15 Predicting When predicting, learners are: using patterns in information or observations in forecasting out comes of specific events make use of evidence from experience

16. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 16 Planning and Investigating When planning and investigating, learners are: identifying variables that should be changed, those things that should stay the same and what to measure comparing what they actually did with what they planned.

17. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 17 Interpreting When interpreting, learners are: discussing what they find in relation to the question they are investigating identifying patterns or trends in their observations and measurements

18. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 18 Communicating When communicating, learners are: using pictures and writing to present ideas using tables, graphs, and charts to record and organize results choosing forms to present results that are appropriate for the audience

19. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 19 Section 1-4 The Scientific Method

20. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 20 The Scientific Method A process of studying natural phenomena that involves making observations, forming laws and theories, and testing theories by experimentation

21. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 21 The Scientific Method (cont.)

22. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 22 The Scientific Method (cont.) While experimenting we may observe the same behavior all the time, and therefore be able to predict this behavior will always occur in the future

23. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 23 The Difference Between a Theory and a Law Law: a generally observed behavior, without explanation as to why the behavior occurs Laws predict what will happen Theories explain why something happens (which will also allow you to predict what will happen!)

24. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 24 Section 1-5 Learning Chemistry

25. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 25 Best Approach to Learning Chemistry Learn the vocab of chemistry –Definitions of terms –How common vocab is applied to chemistry Memorize important information –e.g. Names, formulas, and charges of polyatomic ions Learn and practice processes –Systematic names and formulas –Dimensional analysis

26. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 | 26 Best Approach to Learning Chemistry (cont.) Do end-of-chapter exercises to test your understanding and help you see the patterns Even numbered problems have answers in the back of your book!! Ask questions in class